PPT 2

Question 1

Permissive hosts

Answer 1

Allowing virus replication
> Host cells quickly killed by virus

Question 2

Non-permissive hosts

Answer 2

Not allowing virus replication
> transformed cells (low frequency)

Question 3

Proto-oncogene

Answer 3

precursor of an oncogene

Question 4

Of een oncogen mee wordt getranscripteerd hangt af van…

Answer 4

de afstand ten opzichte van de promotor van het originele gen

Question 5

Slowly transforming (do/do not) carry proto-oncogenes

Answer 5

do not

Question 6

Activate proto-oncogenes by …

Answer 6

insertial mutagenesis

Question 7

Tumor suppressor genes

Answer 7

genes that counteract oncogenic transformation
> moeten inactief worden gemaakt voor het ontstaan van een tumor

Question 8

Proto-oncogenes are activated by genetic changes affecting … en door …

Answer 8

• protein expression
• protein structure

door punt mutatie in somatisch cellen

Question 9

Burkitt’s lymphoma

Answer 9

Carry chormosome translocation fusion regions of chromosomes together
Heeft maar 1 sterke promotor nodig

Question 10

Wild-type EGF receptor

Answer 10

Recognizes EGF and initiates intracellular signaling to promote growth

Question 11

truncated receptor

Answer 11

het afgekorte receptor stuurt constant een groei signaal

Question 12

Changes in proto-oncogene expression level

Answer 12

• Proto-oncogene amplification
• Control by external promotor (insertianal mutagenesis)
• Control by promotor of another gene (translocations)

Question 13

Changes in proto-oncogene structure

Answer 13

• mutations
• Truncations
• Hybrid proteins

Question 14

Growth factors (GFs)

Answer 14

• Relatively small proteins released by some cells that influence other cells.
• Convey many of the signals between cells within a tissue.
• GFs allow many cells to collaborate in decision-making about a single cell’s growth.
• In the absence of GFs (e.g. in a petri dish), cells stop growing – addition of GF-containing serum is needed.

Question 15

Mitogen

Answer 15

een chemische stof, gewoonlijk een bepaalde vorm van een proteïne, die de celdeling bevordert doordat het cellen aanzet tot de mitose

Question 16

Activatie EGFR

Answer 16

• Dimerization
• transphosphorylation

Question 17

Altered GFR metabolisme

Answer 17

• Overexpression of chenge of receptor
• Enhanced autocrine signaling

Question 18

Receptors ensure that

Answer 18

• Cell receives sufficient stimulatory signals from the surrounding tissue
• Cells are properly attached to the ECM