1
Q
8 steps of invasion & metastasis
A
- Primary tumor formation
- Localized invasion
- Intravasion, interaction with blood components
- Transport through circulation
- Arrest in mircovessels of various organs
- Extravasion
- Formation of a microstatsis
- Colonization, formation of a macrometastis
2
Q
Intravasion
A
Cancer cell enters the bloodvessels
Stimulated by singals (EGF from macrofaag)
3
Q
Extravasion
A
Cancer cell leaves the blood vessels
4
Q
Blood is a hostile environment for cancer cells
A
- No contact with other cells
- Hydrodynamic shear stress in vessels
- No stromal support
- Not built for microcappilaries
5
Q
micrometastases
A
small clumps of cells that can expand in time.
6
Q
metastatic shower
A
Meerdere metastases
This represents cells that are well adapted to colonization of new tissues, originating from the first wave metastases
7
Q
… enables invasion
A
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)
EMT involves changes in shape, the acquisition of motility and fundamental alterations in the gene expression.
> Downregulation of E-cadherin and cytokeratins
> Upregulation of vimentin
8
Q
E-cadherin rol
A
- E-cadherin molecules are tethered to the actin fibers of the cytoskeleton via a complex of α- and β-catenins.
- The actin cytoskeleton provides tensile strength to the cell.
9
Q
Important for invasion
A
- adhesion
- cell shape
- motility (beweeglijkheid)
