Practice Comprehensive Examination 4.

Question 1

Def Natural Selection

Answer 1

Differences in the reproduction of individuals due to inherited differences in a particular environment

Question 2

Def Mycorrhizae

Answer 2

Plant mutualistic fungi with underground structures that extend plant roots in return for glucose.

Question 3

Def Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 3

Insulin-producing pancreas cells kill therefore not producing insulin and cannot direct the liver to store glucose or tell other cells to absorb and use glucose.

Question 4

2.) A person enters the emergency room who has taken a whole bottle of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) 5 hours ago, so the aspirin has been absorbed and is no longer in the stomach. The patient is hyperventilating.

a.) In a sentence, explain the biological basis of the observed hyperventilation

Answer 4

If the person consumes too much medication, they experience metabolic acidosis.

Question 5

2.) B.) briefly indicate something that could be done to help the patient

Answer 5

the patient can be given an IV containing sodium bicarbonate to reduce the amount of H+ in the blood.

Question 6

4. Design a study to test the hypothesis that fungi are keystone species in prairies and the derived prediction that use of fungicides in agricultural fields next to prairie areas reduces adjacent prairie plant species richness.

a.) What would you vary or compare (ONLY state the independent variable)?

Answer 6

fungicides

Question 7

4. Design a study to test the hypothesis that fungi are keystone species in prairies and the derived prediction that use of fungicides in agricultural fields next to prairie areas reduces adjacent prairie plant species richness.

b.) What would you measure/quantify (ONLY state the dependent variable)?

Answer 7

species richness of plant

Question 8

4. Design a study to test the hypothesis that fungi are keystone species in prairies and the derived prediction that use of fungicides in agricultural fields next to prairie areas reduces adjacent prairie plant species richness.

c.) What method would you use to collect data (single word or few words)?

Answer 8

quadrat sampling

Question 9

4. Design a study to test the hypothesis that fungi are keystone species in prairies and the derived prediction that use of fungicides in agricultural fields next to prairie areas reduces adjacent prairie plant species richness.

d.) In a single, concise sentence or bullet points, describe the step(s) you would take (before the statistical
analysis) to ensure that your study is rigorous and your results are accurate and reliable.

Answer 9

• study the sample multiple times
• study over 100 different samples of plant richness with fungi
• Test in diffrent location

Question 10

5. Briefly explain what human-caused climate change is and how it occurs.

Answer 10

Human cause climate change is the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere created by humans. This can occur through car emissions, burning of fossil fuels, and deforestation

Question 11

6. Indicate two ways to help reduce and/or reverse the evolution of antibiotic resistance based on course content. One thing to do and (briefly) why it would reduce and/or reverse the evolution of antibiotic resistance is

Answer 11

Reduce the antibiotics

• In an environment w/ no antibiotics, susceptible bacteria reproduce more than resistant bacteria

Question 12

6. B.) Another thing to do and (briefly) why it would reduce and/or reverse the evolution of antibiotic resistance is

Answer 12

Use antibiotics as the last choice in treatment.
- Overuse of antibiotics causes resistance so using it as last resort and only prescribing when needed reduces resistance.