pragmatics

Question 1

What is deixis?

Answer 1

• words whose meaning is context bound; the meaning depends on who is using them, where and when they are being used

Question 2

What is personal deixis?

Answer 2

• pointing words for people : personal pronouns and possessive determiners

Question 3

What is spatial deixis?

Answer 3

• pointing words for places and things : adverbs like here and there + demonstrative pronouns and determiners like that,those and this

Question 4

What is temporal deixis?

Answer 4

• pointing words for time : temporal adverbs like tomorrow, soon, now and also the tense of a phrase

Question 5

What is deixis a form of?

Answer 5

anaphoric, cataphoric and exophoric reference

Question 6

What is anaphoric referencing?

Answer 6

refers to a previous reference

Question 7

What is cataphoric referencing?

Answer 7

refer to a future reference

Question 8

What is an exophoric reference?

Answer 8

• makes a connection with something outside the discourse

Question 9

What are speech acts?

Answer 9

communicative acts that carry meaning beyond the words and phrases used within them
e.g. ‘I am sorry’ is performing an apology

Question 10

Can a sentence mood change with pragmatic intent?

Answer 10

Yes
- e.g “It’s cold in here” = sentence mood is declarative BUT the pragmatic meaning is ‘close the window’ making the sentence mood pragmatically an imperative

Question 11

What is conventional implicature?

Answer 11

an inference that arises from the meaning of a word/phrase/utterance

Question 12

What is conversational implicature?

Answer 12

an inference that arises as a result of shared understanding of how conversation works

Question 13

What are Grice’s maxims?

Answer 13

• maxim of quantity = only give required information
• maxim of quality = be truthful
• maxim of relevance = be relevant
• maxim of manner = be clear