Presentations Pt. 2

Question 1

In parrotfishes, what phenomenon describes the initial male mature followed by the later transitioning to the female stage?
A. Protogyny
B. Ambisexuality
C. Protandry
D. Proliferation
E. Hormonal Imbalance

Answer 1

• C

Question 2

In parrotfish teeth, enameloid is composed of _______, which is known for its hard, crystalline structure.
A. Fluorapatite
B. Fluorosilicate
C. Fluorspar
D. Dichlorodifluoromethane
E. Dentine

Answer 2

• A

Question 3

Parrot fish pass sand as excrement. T/F explain.

Answer 3

• T = indigestible inorganic components are excreted as fine sand

Question 4

Dominant female aggression controls the sexual fate of the subordinates in clownfish groups. T/F explain.

Answer 4

• T = aggression increases levels of cortisol which inhibit the female differentiation pathway

Question 5

Describe the social structure of a clownfish group within a sea anemone

Answer 5

• A breeding pair consisting of a breeding male and female
• 0-4 nonbreeding subordinates

Question 6

At which phase of sexual development/change do the female gonads become fully developed?
A. Pre-ripe male phase
B. Ripe male phase
C. Transitional phase
D. Pre-ripe female phase
E. Ripe female phase

Answer 6

• E

Question 7

What is the physiological challenge experienced by seahorse embryos in the brood pouch?
A. Not enough space in the male brood pouch for embryos to develop.
B. There is an abundance of competition for food within the brood pouch.
C. Low oxygen availability due to the parental tissue blocking simple oxygen diffusion.
D. There is no way for embryos to acclimate to the seawater in the brood pouch.
E. none of the above

Answer 7

• C

Question 8

What are some of the adaptations to the physiological challenge experienced by seahorses?
A. Highly folded epithelium
B. Decreased capillary density in the inner layer
C. Decreased distance between capillaries and lumen
D. Increased occurrence of blood vessels
E. All of the above except B

Answer 8

• E

Question 9

The physiological adaptations that seahorses developed for gestation by the brood pouch in males are an example of convergent evolution T/F explain.

Answer 9

T - it is an example of convergent evolution