Two forms of natural immunity
Meeting a pathogen for the first time and then antibodies are formed and system produces T&B memory cells (natural active immunity)
When a baby is first born it’s mothers milk gives it antibodies (colostrum) this is called natural passive immunity
Examples of artificial passive immunity
Antibodies formed in one individual are extracted and injected into another
Temporary
Example of acrificial active immunity
Vaccine
Body stimulated to make its own antibodies by using an antigen which is a dead or inactive pathogen
Ways in which pathogens are made safe
Killed or inactive pathogens
Weakened versions
Detoxified molecule
Isolated antigens extracted from pathogen
Genetically engineered antigen
How are pathogens made for vaccines created
Pathogen is made safe
Small amounts of safe pathogen is injected into blood
Body produces antibodies and memory cells
If u come in contact with it again then ur body will go into secondary response before u get symptoms
What is an epidemic
Communicable disease is spread across a small area or national
What is a pandemic
Same disease is spread over continents and countries
What is pharmacogenetics
Personalised medicine
Knowledge of drug action and personalised care
What is synthetic biology
Enables use of bacteria as biological factories
Eg protein in mammal milk
Nanotechnology
What is selective toxicity
Antibiotics effect metabolism of bacteria instead of human metabolism
Differences between MRSA and Cdiff
MRSA creates swelling and boils on body,treated with penicillin
CDiff is issue with intestine lining and creates dihareah treated with antibiotics
How can antibiotic resistance be solved
Use less antibiotics over time
Good hygiene
