Primate Taxonomy

Question 1

taxonomic classification

Answer 1

hierarchial organisizing systems based on acentral trait similarities

Question 2

homoinoid clade

Answer 2

humans, african apes, asian apes

Question 3

renamed groups

Answer 3

– tarsiers from prosimians to haplorhines

– muriqiui (splits into two species; southern and northern)

Question 4

derived traits

Answer 4

distinuish a species from a last common acestor (can be homologous or homoplasy)

Question 5

homology

Answer 5

shared drived trait (e.g. knuckle walking in gorillas and chimps)

Question 6

homoplasy

Answer 6

an analougs trait that indepdenent evolved (e.g. trichromatic vision in catahrrines and howler monkeys)

Question 7

what causes changes in traits to occur

Answer 7

mutations

Question 8

types of evolution

Answer 8

analogous/convergent/parallel evolution

social evolution

cultural evolution

homologous evolution

Question 9

old classification

Answer 9

based on PHENETIC/convergent similairites (apperance)

1. prosimians
2. anthropoids

Question 10

prosimians

Answer 10

lemurs
lorises
tarsiers

(paraphyletic clade)

Question 11

anthropoids

Answer 11

nw world monkeys
old world monkeys
apes

Question 12

new classification

Answer 12

1. strepsirhines
2. haplorhines

is the cladistic classifcaiton (monophyletic)

Question 13

strepsirhines groups

Answer 13

lemurs

lorises

Question 14

strepsirhines aspects

Answer 14

1. streps = curly nose + yes rhinarium
2. wet nose
3. some with claws instead of nails and acute smell
4. have a rhinarium and use scent marking

Question 15

haplorhine groups

Answer 15

1. new world monkeys
2. old world monkeys
3. tarsiers

Question 16

anthropoidea groups?

Answer 16

new world monkeys (playyrrhines) and (catarthines: old world monkeys + apes)

Question 17

catarrhine sub broups

Answer 17

old world monkeys

apes

Question 18

old world monkeys sub groups

Answer 18

cercopithecines

colobines

Question 19

apes sub groups

Answer 19

large apes

small apes

Question 20

haplorrhine aspect

Answer 20

1. haplor= simple nose
2. dry nose
3. mostly vision > olfaction (tarsiers and owlmonkeys exeption) (diurnal)
4. social (exept orangutan)
5. eyes surrounded by bone

Question 21

anthropoid aspects

Answer 21

larger brains

distinct brain achitecture

Question 22

platyrhinne aspects

Answer 22

flat nose

round nostrils

Question 23

catarrhine aspects

Answer 23

downward facing nose

comma-shaped nostrils

Question 24

taxonomic suffixes

Answer 24

subfamily= -nae
family= -dea
superfamily= -oidea

Question 25

new world monkeys sub groups

Answer 25

atelids cebids callitridics

Question 26

old world monkey subroupds

Answer 26

cercopithecines | colobines

Question 27

apes sub groups

Answer 27

small apes | great apees

Question 28

atelid examples

Answer 28

howler monkeys spider monkeys muriqui

Question 29

cebid examples

Answer 29

capuchins | squirrel moneys

Question 30

callitridichd example

Answer 30

marmosets | tamarins

Question 31

cercopithecine examples

Answer 31

``` macaque guenon baboon gelada mandrill ```

Question 32

colobine example

Answer 32

b+ w colobus prooviscus monkey langur sub nosed monkeys

Question 33

small apes example

Answer 33

gibbon

Question 34

great apes

Answer 34

``` orangutan gorilla chimp bonobo humans ```

Question 35

systematics?

Answer 35

construction of phylogeneis

Question 36

taxonomies?

Answer 36

USE of phylogenies in naming and classification

Question 37

darwin classification

Answer 37

'tree of life' hierarchy of animals

Question 38

what does the hominoid clade share

Answer 38

no tail unspecialized digestive system pentadactyle limbs

Question 39

role of phylogeneitc reconstruction?

Answer 39

1. identifying and classifying organisms (taxonomy) 2. establishing phylogenetic relationships 3. explaining why some species adapted traits and not others 4. morphological features explained

Question 40

example of a convergent trait in hominoids

Answer 40

old belief= chimps + gorillas closer related due to knuckle walking locomotions new belief= this evolved indepdenetly/humans loss the trait= hence humans and chimps closer related

Question 41

shared environment effects...

Answer 41

analogy and phenetic features | e..g wings of flying animals

Question 42

common acnestry causes..

Answer 42

homolougs features clades e.g. pentadactl mammal limbs