Normative principles
Provide a cognitive framework for analyzing moral questions and problems
- they are linked to commonly expected behaviors because they are based on shared standards of thinking and behaving.
- in health care the main normative principles are non maleficence, beneficence, autonomy, and justice.
Ethical dilemma
Occurs when one or more ethical principles are in conflict. A true ethical dilemma is where the principle of nonmaleficence is in conflict with the principle of autonomy in a situation.
Nonmaleficence
The founding principle of al health care. First obligation is to the patient to do NO HARM.
Also includes PREVENTING & REMOVING HARM
Beneficence
Focuses on doing good for the patient and…focuses on removing harm.
Health care providers use all reasonable means to benefit the patient. Utilization of body of knowledge and skills to identify needs of teh patient to remove existing harm.
Autonomy
Self-determination and the ability of be self-governing.
Person who chooses treatment for him/herself that is independent from teh will of others
Founded in deontology
- deontologies believes that health care providers have the DUTY to allow patients to make decisions regarding their health care regardless of the outcome. At the heart of many health care dilemmas.
Justice
Concerned with providing what is owed, due or deserved (who get treatment)
Applies teh principles of equality and fairness
Deontologists belive that it is teh duty of health care providers to operate ont eh principles of justice.
Paternalism
Doing what type tink is best for teh patient according to his or her ability to judgement
Veracity
Being honest and telling teh truth
Confidentiality
Trust. A patient has a right to privacy concerning their medical, detal, examination, findings discussion, of tax. Options, tax choices and all records.
Informed consent
Has both ethical and legal implications
Based on patient exercising autonomy in decision-making.
Professional provides patient with all information necessary for making decisions regarding their. Allows patient to make decision based on pertinent information.
Capacity
Clinical term used to describe a person’s ability to understand their health care conditions, treatment options and ability to make their own decisions.
Futility
Performing a useless or ineffective act.
Pointless treatment.
Sometimes courts support a family’s futile efforts when it comes to life and death
Prima facie duties
Always do the act that is in accordance with the strongest duty.
Always do the act thatis the most ‘right’ associated to it.
