Procedural errors Test #2

Question 1

Why do perforations occur?

Answer 1

• Lack of anatomic knowledge
• Access
• Coronal restorations
• Instrument selection and capabilities

Question 2

What are cleaning and shaping accidents that can happen?

Answer 2

• Ledge formation
• Finding canals
• Artificial canal creation
• Root perforations
• Instrument separation
• Instrument loss
• Overfilling
• Restoration Errors

Question 3

What are the causes of Ledge formation (inability to negotiate WL)?

Answer 3

• Inadequate Straight line access
• Inadequate irrigation or lubrication
• Excessive enlargement of a curve with files
• Packing debris in canal (make sure to use patency file)
• Lack of proper glide path

Question 4

How do perform ledge management?

Answer 4

• Stop digging
• # 8 or #10 k file with bend to renegotiate canal
• Short strokes with reaming action
• Keep file apical to ledge