Placebo Effect
experimental results caused by expectations alone
Extraneous/Confounding Variables
unaccounted for factors that impact the dependent variable
Experimental Bias
when researchers ignore/don’t note data that could challenge their hypothesis
Validity
the extent to which the test measures what it’s supposed to
Hawthorne Effect
when subjects change their behavior because they know they’re being studied
Barnum Effect
occurs when individuals believe that specific personality descriptions apply specifically to them