Process Safety Flashcards by Ma. Yvette Conde

Which of the following is not measure of effectiveness safety program?
A. OSHA incident rate
B. Fatal Accident Rate(FAR)
C. Fatality Rate
D. HAZOP

HAZOP

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How toxicants enters into organism?
a. Ingestion
b. Injection
c. Inhalation
d. All of the above

All of the above

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Lowest value on response vs dose curve is called

a. Thresold Limit Value
b. Average response
c. Highest response
d. Relative toxicity

Threshold Limit Value

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Identification, Evaluation and control are the phases of

a. Safety Program
b. Industrial Hygiene
c. Material handling
d. None of above

Industrial Hygiene

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Fire is rapid ______ of ignited fuel.

a. Exothermic oxidation
b. exothermic reduction
c. Endothermic Reduction
d. Endothermic oxidation

Exothermic oxidation

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______ is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high temperatures and the release of gases

a. Fire
b. Flammability
c. Explosion
d. Toxicity

Explosion

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______ is the lowest temperature that the vapours of a material will ignite when exposed to an ignition source.

a. Flash point
b. Fire point
c. Autoignition temperature
d. Inerting

Fire point

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An explosion occurring within a vessel or a building, known as

a. Confined Explosion
b. Unconfined Explosion
c. BLEVE
d. None of above

Confined Explosion

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Which of the following Causes of
overpressure

a. Ambient heat
b. Valve failures
c. Both 1 & 2
d. None of the above

Ambient heat and Valve failures

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For material handling which is wrong statement

A. Indoor storage facilities for flammable liquids should have ventilation.
B. Flammable liquids should be stored in retaining embankments so they cannot spread uncontrollably.
C. Corrosive substances should not be stored above eye level.
D. Environmental risk assessments should not be available.

Environmental risk assessments should not be available.

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Who is responsible for ensuring the workers are provided with safe working envrionment?

a. HAZAN
b. HAZOP
c. AICHE
d. OSHA

OSHA

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Hazard evaluation consist of the
elements…..

a. Safety Review/Audit/Inspection
b. HAZAN
c. HAZOP
d. All of the above

All of the above

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PHA stands for

a. Process Hazard Analysis
b. Public Housing Authority
c. Public Health Association
d. Personal Health Assessment

Process Hazard Analysis

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Which of the following is not Guide word of HAZOP?

a. NO
b. LESS
c. MORE
d. NAND

NAND

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HAZAN study includes

a. Estimate how often an incident will occur.
b. Steps can be taken to either eliminate risks or reduce risk to an acceptable level.
c. It is centered around the hazard analysis and functional based safety process
d. All of the above

All of the above

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Process of adding inert gas to combustible mixture to reduce concentration of oxygen below limiting oxygen concentration (LOC)

a. Fire Point
b. Flash point
c. Inerting
d. Toxicity

Inerting

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Vessels can be pressure-purged by adding inert gas ______.

a. Under atmospheric pressure
b. Atmospheric pressure
c. Above Atmospheric pressure
d. At high temp.

Under atmospheric pressure

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The ____________ process determines whether exposure to a chemical can increase the incidence of adverse health effect.

a. Hazard identification
b. Exposure assessment
c. Toxicity assessment
d. Risk characterization

Hazard identification

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Hazard is defined as the probability of

a. suffering harm or loss
b. accident
c. development
d. fire

suffering harm or loss

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______ occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its atmospheric pressure boiling point ruptures, resulting in the explosive vaporization of a large fraction of the tank contents.

a. Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosi
b. Vapor Cloud Explosions
c. Missile Damage
d. Blast Damage to People

Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion

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For ______ the reaction front propagates at a speed less than the speed of sound

a. Deflagration
b. Detonation
c. Confined Explosions
d. Unconfined Explosions

Deflagration

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Static electricity is generated when

a. mists or sprays pass through process
b. mists or sprays pass through orifices
c. air pass through pipe
d. water pass through pipe

mists or sprays pass through orifices

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The MIE depends on the

a. specific chemical or mixture
b. the concentration
c. pressure and temperature
d. all of above

all of the above

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An explosion resulting from the sudden failure of a vessel containing high-pressure nonreactive gas

Mechanical explosion

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The essential elements for ______ are fuel, an oxidizer, and an ignition source a. Fire triangle b. Explosion c. Flammability limits d. Toxicity

Fire triangle

What is toxicity equivalence factor? a. Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference b. Ratio of the toxicity of a contaminant to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference c. Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another chemical pollutant chosen as a reference d. Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of source

Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference

OSHA ensures that employees have been provided with __. a. Job b. PPE c. Insurance d. Security

PPE

ED stands for a. Effective dose b. Toxic dose c. Erectile dysfunction d. Lethal dose

Effective dose

Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of chemicals. a. Chemical b. Physical c. Toxicological d. Biological

Toxicological

OSHA is part of the ___________ department of labour. a. US b. UK c. India d. Australia

During the ______ phase, the various types of existing control measures and their effectiveness are also studied. a. Identification b. Evaluation c. Control d. Hygiene

Evaluation

The unit-specific technical requirements are designed to a. Prevent the release of HW b. Good housekeeping c. Analysis d. Export activities

Prevent the release of HW

What are the steps involved in evaluation of toxicity? a. hazard identification and dose-response evaluation b. chemical analysis c. pathway analysis d. evaluation of long term impact

hazard identification and dose-response evaluation

___________ establishes the relationship between the contaminant/s of concern and the receptor. a. Hazard identification b. Toxicity assessment c. Risk characterisation d. Exposure assessment

Toxicity assessment

Which of the following is not characteristics of hazardous waste? a. Toxicity b. Corrosivity c. Ignitibility d. Leakage

Leakage

Results from long-term exposure to lower doses of a chemical is known as ________. a. Acute toxicity b. Chronic toxicity c. Moderate toxicity d. None

Chronic toxicity

Which of the following chemical is responsible for acute lung disease from Bhopal gas tragedy? a. Methylisocyanate b. Methylisocyanade c. Methyl d. Methylcyanate

Methylisocyanate

Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium and Cyanide effects _________. a. Immune system b. Nervous system c. Skin d. Respiratory system

Nervous system

______ represents a contact between a chemical agent and an object. a. Dose b. Response c. Exposure d. Concentration

Exposure

Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for providing a a. Safe workplace b. Land c. Insurance d. Estimation

Safe workplace

OSHA was created to _________ a. Data analysis b. To reduce hazards c. Ecological development d. EIA analysis

To reduce hazards

How is sensitivity analysed in risk estimation? a. By critical assumptions b. Chemical assessment c. Character assessment d. Personal measurement

By critical assumptions

An incident can be called hazardous only when? a. Stressor has the potential to cause harm to humans and ecological systems b. Poses threat to surrounding c. Monitoring is failed d. Outburst of chemicals

Stressor has the potential to cause harm to humans and ecological systems

What is the main purpose of hazard identification? a. To minimise the effect of a consequence b. For better risk management c. To characterize adverse effect of toxins d. To reduce probability of occurrence

To characterize adverse effect of toxins

Doses are expressed on a _________ basis a. Accuracy b. Precision c. Body-weight d. End point

Body-weight

Major application of dose-response curve is to obtain ______ a. Toxin b. Carcinogens c. Mutagens d. Threshold

Threshold

Which of the following valve is known as a safety valve? a. Scour valve b. Pressure relief valve c. Reflux valve c. Altitude valve

Pressure relief valve

When did Seveso accident occur? a. 1974 b. 1975 c. 1976 d. 1977

1976

A waste to be called toxic, acute oral LD50 concentration should be _______ mg/kg. a. 2200 b. 2300 c. 2400 d. 2500

2500

What is chronic toxicity? a. Effects due to long term exposure b. Effects due to short term exposure c. Effects due to exposure d. Benefits due to exposure

Effects due to long term exposure

The gauge pressure during normal service, usually 10% below the MAWP known as a. Operating pressure b. Set pressure c. Overpressure d. Accumulation

Operating pressure

Pressure relief systems are required for which of the following reason a. to protect personnel from the dangers of overpressurizing equipment b. to minimize chemical losses during pressure upsets c. both 1 & 2 d. None

to protect personnel from the dangers of overpressurizing equipment and to minimize chemical losses during pressure upsets

What is acute toxicity? a. Effects due to long term exposure b. Effects due to short term exposure c. Effects due to exposure d. Benefits due to exposure

Effects due to short term exposure

Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification? a. To estimate the risk b. To calculate carcinogenic exposure c. To know the probable source and causes of contamination on site d. For determination of remedial actions

To know the probable source and causes of contamination on site

Hazard identification mainly focus on a. Chemical source and concentration b. Chemical exposure c. Chemical analysis d. Chemical pathway

Chemical source and concentration

Estimation of short-term and long term exposure are usually in terms of a. Doses by exposure rate b. Susceptibility c. Population d. Genetics

Doses by exposure rate

Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the determination of spatial distribution of contaminants at the site? a. Hazard identification b. Exposure assessment c. Toxicity assessment d. Risk characterisation

Exposure assessment

What is the final stage of risk assessment? a. Hazard identification b. Risk characterisation c. Exposure assessment d. Toxicity assessment

Risk characterisation

The toxicological end point for dose-response relationship should be _________ a. Definitive b. Vague c. Irrational d. Less

Definitive

For existing chemicals, we should always consider ________ exposure assessment based on modelling, to derive an environmental concentration. a. Better case b. Reasonable worst case c. Moderate case d. High case

Reasonable worst case

What is the main goal of risk management? a. Pathway analysis b. Estimation c. Transportation d. Calculate probability of adverse effect on individual and population

Calculate probability of adverse effect on individual and population

Elements of safe chemical storage program consist of a. Inventory of Chemicals b. Labeling of Chemicals c. Segregating Incompatibles d. All of the above

All of the above

The ___ reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their entire lifetime. The employees are assumed to work a total of 50 years. a. FAR b. Fatality Rate c. OSHA incident rate d. None of above

FAR

LD50 in a toxicity test stands for ______ a. a dose that will kill 50% of an exposed population b. a dose that would not affect or harm 50% of an exposed population c. a dose that will kill 25% of an exposed population d. a dose that would not kill 25% of an exposed population

A dose that will kill 50% of an exposed population

The last step of accident process a. Initiation b. Propagation c. Termination d. damage

Termination

Which of the following incorrect? a. The relief valve is primarily for liquid service. b. The safety valve is for gas service. c. The safety relief valve is used for liquid and gas service. d. None of above

None of the above

The pressure difference between the relief set pressure and the relief reseating pressure. It is expressed as a percentage of the set pressure. a. Backpressure b. Blowdown c. Maximum allowable accumulated pressure d. Relief system

Blowdown

What is the most common approach used to asses skin exposure to a contaminant? a) biological monitoring is commonly used to assess total body burden or chemical contaminants b) critical flux is the does resulting from inhalation exposure combined with dermal exposure c) using pad or dosimeters to determine the amount of contaminant deposited on the skin d) there is no recognized approach to assess skin exposure to a contaminant

Using pad or dosimeters to determine the amount of contaminant deposited on the skin

The father of occupational medicine who said a doctor should always ask a patient of what trade are you is said to be a) Dr. Alice Hamilton b) Paracelsus c) Dr. Ramazzini d) Dr. Percival Pott

Dr. Ramazzini

Who had a large influence on American OHS regulation in the early part of the 20th century, and who also wrote exploring the dangerous trades a) Dr. Alice Hamilton b) Paracelsus c) Dr. Ramazzini d) Dr. Percival Pott

Dr. Alice Hamilton

In what year did the US federal government first pass a workers compensation act for some civil employees? a) 1900 b) 1905 c) 1908 d) 1910

1908

In what year was the first American state workers compensation act passed? a) 1910 b) 1911 c)1913 d)1915

1911

This American federal act was the first know legal adoption of standards for allowable concentrations of chemicals in workplace air. a) OHSA b) mining Act c) Walsh-healey Public Contract Act d) Roosevelt New Deal Act

Waish-haeley Public Contract Act

The most well known OEls are established by a) NIOSH b) OSHA c) ANSI d) ACGIH

ACGIH

The ACGIH TLVs a) protect all workers b) are developed by consensus c) are science based d) are a legal standard for what is safe

are science based

If three of the following are said to be exposure limits for chemical X, which one is likely to be the ceiling limit? a) 1000ppm b) 100ppm c) 50ppm d)10ppm

1000 ppm

The definition of the ACGIH TLV_STELs refer to certain health effects that must be avoided. these do not include a) irritation b) chronic or irreversible tissue damage c) serious narcosis d) carcinogenicity

carcinogenicity

Which organization is widely recognized around the world as setting exposure limits for ionizing radiation? a) ACGIH b) National Intitute for Occupational Safety and health c) American National standards Intitute d) International commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)

International commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)

Which is not an agent ACGIH sets standards for? a) chemicals b) ionizing radiation c) non-ionizing radiation d) thermal stress

Ionizing radiation

Which is not one of the main forms in which chemicals are present in the workplace? a) mists b) fibers c) vapours d) gasses

Fibers

Chemicals cause two main kinds of health effects a) dermatoses and cancer b) external and internal c) local effects and poisoning d) systematic and tissue

Local effects and poisoning

Who said it is the dose only that makes a thing not a poison? a) Aristotle b) Paracelsus c) Florence Nightingale d) Medici

Paracelsus

A dose response curve illustrating acute toxicity usually has a) a s-shaped or sigmoidal curve b) a straight line at about a 45 degree angle c) and elliptical curve d) a bell-shaped curve

a s-shaped or sigmoidal curve

If the dose response curves of three chemicals are shown on the same graph, the one which intersects the xaxis (dose) at the lowest dose is a) innocuous b) lethal c) the most poisonous d) without a threshold level

the most poisonous

The most common type of LD 50 test involves a) chimpanzees b) poison gas delivered to a plexiglass cage c) an oral dose d) skin application

an oral dose

For any given chemical, a high LD 50 value generally means a) carcinogenicity b) low toxicity c) high toxicity d) nothing - much more needs to be known

Low toxicity

Which statement about ingestion as a route of entry into the workers body by workplace chemicals is incorrect? a) ingestion is usually a significant way in which chemicals gain entry into the body b) food contamination with workplace chemicals can be a way chemicals can enter the body by ingestion c) hand washing is a method of entry of chemicals by ingestion can be reduced d) eating areas should be located in a part of the workplace removed from chemical contaimination

ingestion is usually a significant way in which chemicals gain entry into the body

The two main categories of skin irritation caused by chemicals are a) inflammation and corrosion b) dermatitis and siderosis c) cirrhosis and allergenic response d) melanoma and skin cracking

Information and corrosion

An example of a workplace chemical that can damage the kidneys specifically is a) lead salts b) silica c) propanol d) vinyl chloride

Lead salts

Which is not a chemical known to specifically damage the kidney a) vinyl chloride b) chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride c) lead salts d) mercury salts

a) vinyl chloride

Which is not one of the four main types of skin exposures a) mechanical b) radiological c) physical d) chemical

b) radiological

What is the leading cause of death on construction sites? A. Struck by object B. Falls C. Caught-in or -between D. Electrocutions

Falls

What violations are most commonly cited by OSHA? A. Hazard communications B. Scaffolding C. Fall protection D. Respiratory protection

Fall Protection

Which of the following is not a chemical-related health hazard? A. Carcinogenicity B. Reactivity C. Corrosivity D. Toxicity

B. Reactivity

A container holding a hazardous material must include which of the following as of June 15, 2014: A. Identity of the hazardous chemical only B. Identity of the hazardous chemical, instructions on how to use C. Identify of the hazardous chemical, names of employees authorized to use D. None of the above

None of the above

If you transfer chemicals from a labeled container to a portable container, you don’t need to comply with standard hazardous material labeling requirements when: A. You hand the container off to someone else B. You leave the work area before using the materials C. You don’t use the materials before the end of your work shift D. None of the above

None of the above

Rubber insulating gloves need to be tested: A. Before first use and then every 6 months B. Before first use and then once/week C. Before first use and then once/month D. Before first use only

Before first use and then every 6 months

The reliability analysis in process industry is done by which of the following? a. Fault tree analysis b. Diaster management c. Event tree analysis (ETA) d. Event tree diagram

Fault Tree Analysis

Process Safety Flashcards

(98 cards)