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PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Flashcards

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1
Q

List the 8 components of the Clinical Reasoning Cycle

A
  1. Patient Situation
  2. Collecting Information
  3. processing information
  4. identifying problems
  5. setting goals
  6. take action
  7. evaluate outcomes
  8. reflect in new learning
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2
Q

what are the 3 main goals of communication

A
  1. gathering info
  2. forming professional relationships
  3. forming therapeutic relationships
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3
Q

what are the 2 types of communication

A

verbal
non-verbal

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4
Q

define verbal communication and give 2 examples

A

the use of words in delivering a message
written and spoken

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5
Q

define non-verbal communication and give 2 examples

A

sending and receiving wordless messages
body language, facial expressions, posture, eye contact

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6
Q

what are the 3 communication skills in nursing

A
  1. attending
  2. listening
  3. questioning
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7
Q

define attending (communication)

A

demonstrating active interest in patient

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8
Q

define SOLER and what is this used in

A

used in : attending to patients
S - sit squarely
O - open posture
L - lean forward
E - eye contact
R - relaxed posture

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9
Q

define listening (communication)

A

actively listening to patient, demonstrating care for their wellbeing

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10
Q

define the types of questioning (communication) (3)

A
  • assessment
  • interviewing
  • effective exploration
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11
Q

what are the 5 moments of hand hygiene

A
  1. before touching patient
  2. before a procedure
  3. after exposure to bodily fluid
  4. after touching patient
  5. after touching patient surroundings
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12
Q

what are the 2 components of thinking like a nurse

A

clinical reasoning
critical thinking

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13
Q

define the 2 types of data

A

subjective - data from persons point of view (feeling and thoughts)
objective - physically measurable through assessment and observation

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14
Q

what are 2 sources of data and define them

A

primary - from the person
secondary - from family, support members, lab testing and professionals

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15
Q

what are the 3 ways of gathering data

A

observation
examining
interviewing

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16
Q

what are the 5 steps of the nursing process

A

ASSESSMENT
DIAGNOSING
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTING
EVALUATING

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17
Q

define the assessment step (nursing process)

A

collecting, organising, validating and documenting data
establishing a database for patient

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18
Q

define diagnosing (nursing process)

A

analysing data - identifying health problems and risks
identifying problems to be prevented

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19
Q

define planning (nursing process)

A

prioritising problems, setting goals and developing nursing care plans
identifying individualised care

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20
Q

define implementing (nursing process)

A

providing nursing care, reassessing documents
assisting patient to meet goals, promote wellness and prevent illness

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21
Q

define evaluating (nursing process)

A

collecting data and comparing desired outcomes, drawing conclusions
determine whether to continue, modify or conclude care plan

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22
Q

define falls

A

person becomes to rest, invertantly with the ground

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23
Q

define pressure injuries

A

localised damage to skin or underlying tissue as a result of pressure

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24
Q

what are the 4 risk assessment tools for pressure injuries

A
  1. preventative skincare
  2. nutritional assessment and treatment
  3. repositioning and early detection
  4. supportive and soft surfaces
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25
what are the SMART goals
S - SPECIFIC M - MEASURABLE A - ACTIONABLE R - REALISTIC T - TIMEBOUND
26
what are the 6 components of Gibbs Reflective Cycle
1. description 2. feelings 3. evaluation 4 analysis 5. conclusion 6. action plan
27
what are the 6 stages for the chain of infection
1. PATHOGEN 2. RESERVOIR 3. PORTAL OF EXIT 4. MODE OF TRANSMISSION 5. PORTAL OF ENTRY 6. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
28
what precautions can be implemented for the PATHOGEN component of the chain of infection
medication herd immunity
29
what precautions can be implemented for the RESERVOIR component of the chain of infection
eliminating sources
30
what precautions can be implemented for the PORTAL OF EXIT component of the chain of infection
PPE prevention (coughing etiquette) hand hygiene
31
what precautions can be implemented for the MODE OF TRANSMISSION component of the chain of infection
standard precautions
32
what precautions can be implemented for the PORTAL OF ENTRY component of the chain of infection
care for open wounds
33
what precautions can be implemented for the SUSCEPTIBLE HOST component of the chain of infection
vaccinations protection
34
what are the three modes of transmission
contact droplet airborne
35
what are the 6 stages of DONNING ON
1. HAND HYGIENE 2. GOWN 3. MASK 4. EYEWEAR 5. HAND HYGIENE 6. GLOVES
36
what are the 8 stages of DOFFING
1. GLOVES 2. HAND HYGIENE 3. GOWN 4. HAND HYGIENE 5. EYEWEAR 6. HAND HYGIENE 7. MASK 8. HAND HYGIENE
37
what are the 4 core nursing values
1. communication 2. the little things 3. “see me” 4. patient-centred care
38
define vital signs
providing vital info of the condition of a persons vital organs
39
what are the 7 different vital signs we measure
RESPIRATION OXYGEN SATURATION HEART RATE BLOOD PRESSURE LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS BODY TEMPERATURE PAIN
40
define respiration
the act of breathing
41
define costal (thoracic) breathing
movement of chest up and down
42
define diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing
observed movement of abdomen
43
define the defintion for the acronym RATES
R - RATES A - Ausculate T - Trachea E - Effort S - Saturation
44
what is respiratory rate
observing the rate of 1x respiratory cycle (1x inhale, 1x exhale)
45
what is the normal Respiratory rate for adults ?
12-20 breaths per min.
46
what are the types of depth looked at in respiratory rate
normal, deep, shallow
47
what are the types of rhythm looked at in respiratory rate (2)
regular irregular
48
what do we look at in characteristics of respiratory / breathing rate
sound effort
49
what is oxygen saturation
how much oxygen in the air is taken up into the blood
50
what does the oximeter measure it terms of oxygen saturation
amount of haemoglobin in atrial blood that is saturated with O2 producing (SpO2)
51
what are the normal ranges of oxygen saturation?
95%-100%
52
what is heart rate
pulse or HR - wave of arterial blood created by the contraction of the left ventrical of the heart
53
what is the radial pulse
along each thumb of the wrist
54
where is the brachial pulse
in line with pinky, on upper arm
55
what do you assess in HR (5)
rate rhythm strength elasticity equality
56
what is the normal Beats Per Minute (Bpm) for a persons Heart rate
adult - 60-100
57
define Blood Pressure
measure of the pressure exerted by blood as it flows through the arteries (force against atrial wall)
58
define systolic
pressure of blood as a result of ventricle contraction
59
define diastolic
pressure of blood when ventricles at rest
60
how is blood pressure measured
mmHg SYSTOLIC / DIASTOLIC
61
what are the 4 determinants of BP
Pumping action of the heart peripheral vascular resistance (vessel pressure blood volume blood viscosity (thickness)
62
what are the normal levels of systolic Blood Pressure
139 - highest 110 - bring lowest
63
what are the normal levels of diastolic BP
below 80
64
what do you use to assess BP ((2)
auscilation - sphygmomanometer, cuff, stethoscope to listen palpation - using fingers
65
define level of consciousness
continuum to a state of alertness yo coma
66
state each of the signs of consciousness ACVPU
patient is ALERT displays CONFUSION responds VERBALLY responds to PAIN patient is UNRESPONSIVE
67
what is the body’s normal temperature range ?
36 - 37.5
68
describe the acronym PQRST for signs of pain
P - provoking factors Q - quality R - region S - severity T - time
69
define nutrition
intake of food in relation to body dietary needs
70
what does a healthy diet include (6)
carbs protein fats minerals vitamins water
71
what are the 3 components of the National Obesity Strategy
1. create supportive sustainable and health environments 2. empowering people to stay healthy 3. access to early intervention and care
72
how do you calculate the BODY MASS INDEX
= weight (kg) / height (m^2)
73
define malnutrition
inadequate or unbalanced nutrition causing measurable adverse effects
74
what are the 4 stages of swallowing
1. preparation 2. swallowing 3. pharyngeal phase 4. oesophageal phase
75
define entral feeding
tube feeding, when patient is unable to consume food orally
76
what are 2 types of entral feeding
gastronomy tube (PEG) jejunostony tube (PEJ)
77
what is caused by too much fluid
oedema
78
what is caused by too little fluid balance
dehydration
79
how do you assess fluid balance (2)
skin turgor mucous membranes
80
how do you measure fluid balance (3)
vital signs fluid input and output weight
81
define 2 methods of input fluid balance
IV oral
82
define 2 methods of output fluid balance
urine vomit drainage faeces
83
how do you calculate total progressive balance
total input - total output pos = WET neg = DRY
84
define the function of the urinary system
process of emptying the urinary bladder
85
what is the common volume of urine excreted daily
1500mL/day
86
what should the colour of urine be?
straw, amber
87
what should the clarity of urine be?
transparent
88
what should the odour of urine be ?
faint
89
what should the pH of urine be ?
4.5 - 8
90
state the names of each word in DRSABCD
D - danger R - responsive S - send for help A - airways B - breathing C - CPR D - defibrillator
91
what should the breathing ratio be in CPR?
30 : 2 30 x compressions 2 x breaths
92
when do you use DRSABCD
when person is unconscious
93
define the acronym ABCDEFG approach
A - airways B - breathing C - circulation D - disability E - exposure F - fluids G - glucose
94
what is meant by airways in ABCDEFG approach
looking for a possible obstruction or noise
95
what is meant by breathing in ABCDEFG approach
performing RATES approach RATES AUSCULTATION TRACHEA EFFORT SATURATION
96
what is meant by circulation in ABCDEFG approach
looking for BP and HR changes when monitoring
97
98
what is meant by disability in ABCDEFG approach
looking for reduced consciousness
99
what is meant by exposure in ABCDEFG approach
avoiding heat loss maintaining temp
100
what is meant by fluids in ABCDEFG approach
monitoring input and output levels
101
what is meant by glucose in ABCDEFG approach
monitoring blood glucose levels
102
when do you use the ABCDEFG approach to basic life support
to do a full systematic assessment of a patient
103
define the acronym SOAPIER
S - subjective O - objective A - assessment P - plan I - intervention E - evaluation R - revision
104
define the acronym ISOBAR
I - identify S - situation O - observation B - background A - assessment R - recommendation
105
what acronym should you use in a clinical handover ?
ISOBAR
106
what does the IDENTIFY in ISOBAR stand for
name, self, position, location
107
what does the SITUATION in ISOBAR stand for
explaining what is happening
108
what does OBSERVATION in ISOBAR stand for
relevant subjective and objective data
109
what does BACKGROUND in ISOBAR stand for
history and previous diagnosis
110
what does ASSESSMENT in ISOBAR stand for
summarising the patients condition and situation
111
what does RECOMMENDATION in ISOBAR stand for ?
nurses self request to hand over nurse
112
what are the 6x C’s of documentation
CORRECT CLEAR CLIENT/ PATIENT CENTRED COLLABORATIVE CONTEMPORANEOUS ( real time ) COMPLETE
113
what is the normal BP reading
120/80 mmhg
NURSING
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