Programming : Unit 5-11

Question 1

What is execution?

Answer 1

• the process by which a computer carries out the instructions of a computer program.

Question 2

What are the 5 data types?

Answer 2

• Integer.
• Real or float.
• Boolean
  -Character
• string

Question 3

What is Integer?
Real or float?
Boolean?
Character?
String?

Answer 3

Integer: used to store whole numbers without a fractional part.
Real/float: Used to store numbers with a fractional part.
Boolean: has two possible values: True or false.
Character: a letter, a symbol, a number or a space.
String: A set of characters which can include spaces and numbers they are treated as texts not numbers.

Question 4

What is initialize?

Answer 4

• to set variables to their starting values at the beginning of a program or sub program.

Question 5

What is initialization?

Answer 5

• the process of assigning an initial value to a variable.

Question 6

What is type coercion?

Answer 6

• the process of converting the value stored in a variable from one data type to another.

Question 7

What are the 2 types of operators?

Answer 7

• relational operator.
• logical operator.

Question 8

What is the relational operator?
logical operator?

Answer 8

• A relational operator is an operator that tests the relationship between two entities.
• A logical operator is a Boolean operator using AND, OR and NOT.

Question 9

What are the 6 relational operators?

Answer 9

Equal to , greater than, greater than or equal to, less than, less than or equal to, not equal to.

Question 10

What are the 3 logical operators?

Answer 10

• and/ or/ not.

Question 11

What are the 2 types of iteration?

Answer 11

• indefinite iteration.
• definite iteration.

Question 12

What is a block of code?

Answer 12

• a grouping of two or more code statements.

Question 13

What is the use of each technique?
a. comments.
b. descriptive names.
c. Indentation.
d. white space.

Answer 13

• comments should be used to explain what each part of the program does.
• using descriptive identifiers for variables, constants, and subprograms helps make their purpose clear.
• indentation. makes it easier to see where each block of code starts and finishes.
• white space. adding blank lines between different blocks of code makes them stand out.

Question 14

What is a string?

Answer 14

• a sequence of characters. they can be letters, numbers, symbols, punctuation marks, or space.

Question 15

What is a function?

Answer 15

• a subprogram that performs a specific task and returns a value to the main program. (there are built-in functions for use but could make your own)

Question 16

What is string traversal?

Answer 16

• using a loop to cycle through each character in a string.

Question 17

What is concatenation?

Answer 17

concatenation involves joining two or more items of information together

Question 18

What is a data structure?-

Answer 18

an organized collection of related elements.

Question 19

what are the 2 types of data structure commonly used?

Answer 19

• array.
• records.

Question 20

What is an array?

Answer 20

• a structure that contains many items of data of the same type. the data is indexed so the item can be easily found.

Question 21

What is an index?

Answer 21

• a number that identifies each element of an array.

Question 22

What are the 2 types of arrays?

Answer 22

• two-dimensional arrays.
• multi-dimensional arrays.

Question 23

What is a record?

Answer 23

• a data structure that stores a set of related values of different data types.

Question 24

What is a field?

Answer 24

• an individual element in a record.

Question 25

What is validation?

Answer 25

- to check that the data entered by a user or from a file meets specified requirements.

Question 26

What are the 4 different types of validation?

Answer 26

-range check. - presence check. - look-up check. - length check.

Question 27

What are the types of data used to test validation rules of a program.

Answer 27

- normal data. - boundary data. - erroneous data.

Question 28

What is normal data?

Answer 28

- it is the data that is within the limits of what should be accepted by a program.

Question 29

What is boundary data?

Answer 29

- this data is the outer limits of what should be accepted by a computer.

Question 30

What is erroneous data?

Answer 30

- this data should not be accepted by the program.

Question 31

What is a text file?

Answer 31

- a sequence of lines, each of which consists of a sequence of characters.

Question 32

What is a file handle?

Answer 32

- a label that is assigned to a resource needed by the program. It can only access the file through the computer's operating system.

Question 33

What is overwritten?

Answer 33

- if a file exists on the computer and a new file is created with the same name, the new file is kept and the old file is written over and lost

Question 34

What is logic error?

Answer 34

an error in an algorithm that results in incorrect or unexpected behaviour.

Question 35

What is trace table?

Answer 35

a technique used to identify any logic errors in algorithms. Each column represents a variable or output and each row a value of that variable.

Question 36

What are the 3 type of errors?

Answer 36

- Runtime error. - Logic error. -Syntax error.

Question 37

Syntax error?

Answer 37

- occur when the grammer rules of a programming language are not followed. - spelling errors. -missing commas -missing out a closing bracket. - missing out quotation marks.

Question 38

runtime error?

Answer 38

an error that occurs while the program is running- the operation the computer is asked to do is impossible to execute.

Question 39

Logic error?

Answer 39

The program seems to run normally; however, there is an error in the logic of the program means it does not produce the result you expect.

Question 40

What is IDE?

Answer 40

intergrated development environment:- a package that helps programmers to develop program code.

Question 41

What is debugger?

Answer 41

- a computer program that assists in the detection and correction of errors in other computer programs.

Question 42

What are the erros in IDE?

Answer 42

- Indentation error: -Syntax error: - Type error: - Zero Division error: -Name error