prokaryotes

Question 1

__ – Outermost thick, sticky layer made of polysaccharides; protects bacteria from dehydration, evades immune systems, and helps bacteria stick to surfaces.

Answer 1

Capsule

Question 2

__ – Similar to eukaryotes; made of phospholipids and proteins.

Answer 2

`Cell Membrane

Question 3

__ – Rigid structure around the cell membrane; maintains shape and provides pressure support.

Answer 3

Cell Wall

Question 4

___ – Jelly-like fluid inside the cell containing living materials; site of most cellular activities.

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

__ – Found in some bacteria; folded invagination of the cell membrane. Believed to aid in cell division, DNA replication, and increasing surface area for enzyme activity.

Answer 5

Mesosome

Question 6

__ – Similar to eukaryotic ribosomes; site of protein synthesis, making proteins from amino acids.

Answer 6

Ribosome

Question 7

___ – Irregular region in the cytoplasm containing bacterial DNA (single circular chromosome); controls cell activities and holds genetic information for inheritance.

Answer 7

Nucleoid

Question 8

__ – Storage deposits in the cytoplasm for nutrients such as glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur, or lipids; functions like a warehouse for the cell.

Answer 8

Inclusion

Question 9

__ – Small, circular, double-stranded DNA separate from the main chromosome; carries extra genes (often for antibiotic resistance) that can be shared between bacteria.

Answer 9

Plasmid

Question 10

___ – Short, hair-like structures that help bacteria stick to surfaces, host cells, and each other.

Answer 10

Fimbriae

Question 11

__ – Longer than fimbriae but fewer in number; hollow tubes used mainly for transferring DNA between bacterial cells during conjugation (a form of reproduction).

Answer 11

Pili (Pilus)

Question 12

___ – Long, whip-like tail used for movement; also found in human sperm cells

Answer 12

Flagella (Flagellum)