prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Question 1

cell wall

Eukaryotes: Present in most eukaryotic cells, but absent in __-

Prokaryotes: Present in almost all prokaryotic cells.

Answer 1

animals and most protists.

Question 2

Cell Wall

eukaryotes:
Made of ___ in plants and
___ in fungi.

Prokaryotes:
Made of ___.

Answer 2

cellulose
chitin
peptidoglycan

Question 3

cell membrane

Eukaryotes: Sterols in the cell membrane vary by group:
__ (animals),
___ (plants),
___ (fungi).

Prokaryotes: No sterols in the cell membrane. Instead, they have a sterol-like lipid called ___.

Answer 3

cholesterol
phytosterol
ergosterol

hopanoid

Question 4

endomembrane system

Eukaryotes: Endomembrane system present; includes___

Prokaryotes: ___ endomembrane system present.

Answer 4

rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, endosome, and vacuole.

No

Question 5

ribosome

Eukaryotes: Ribosomes are found in organelles in the___

Cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80S, while ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts are 70S.

Prokaryotes: All ribosomes are found only in the ___ (free ribosomes) and are 70S.

Answer 5

cytoplasm, such as the outer nuclear membrane, rough ER, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

cytoplasm

Question 6

chromosome

Eukaryotes: More than one ___ molecule with ___.

Eukaryotes have ___ chromosome.

Prokaryotes: Usually have ____ molecule. Most have only _ __plus extrachromosomal DNA called a __.

Answer 6

linear DNA
histones
more than one

one covalently closed circular DNA
one chromosome
plasmid

Question 7

mode of reproduction:

Eukaryotes: Individual cells reproduce through __ and ___.

Prokaryotes: Reproduce through _; some also reproduce through _.

Answer 7

mitosis
meiosis

binary fission
spores

Question 8

DNA replication

Eukaryotes: Multiple points of origin; replication is __ within the ___.

___ is involved in replicating the ends of chromosomes. DNA replication occurs only during the _ of interphase.

Prokaryotes: Replication occurs in ___ at the same time in the cytoplasm.

No telomerase present. DNA is ___.

Answer 8

unidirectional
nucleus
Telomerase
S-phase

two opposing directions
continuously replicated

Question 9

transcription and translation

Eukaryotes: Transcription occurs in the ___, and translation occurs in the ___.

Post-transcriptional processing removes ___ to produce the final RNA.

Prokaryotes: Both transcription and translation occur in the ___.

No post-transcriptional processing because their DNA does not contain introns.

Answer 9

nucleus
cytoplasm
introns

cytoplasm