Prostatic carcinoma

Question 1

How common is prostate cancer?

Answer 1

Common, 26% of all cancers in men

Question 2

What is the pathology of prostate cancer?

Answer 2

Most adenocarcinomas arising in the peripheral zone of the prostate
• Malignant foci remain dormant
• Most commonly metastases to bone and lymph nodes

Question 3

What are the signs/symptoms of prostate cancer?

Answer 3

• Frequency
• Nocturia
• Weak stream
• Hesitancy
• Urgency
• Dribbling
• UTI
• Haematuria
• Dysuria
• Incontinence
• Haematospermia
• Perineal/suprapubic pain
• Impotence
• Tenesmus – inclincation to want to empty the bowels
• Bone pain
• Cord compression symptoms
• Weight loss
• PR exam
• Hard irregular gland
• Asymmetry
• Nodule

Question 4

What are the risk factors/aetiology of prostate cancer?

Answer 4

• Age
• African-Caribbean family
• Family history

Question 5

What diseases present similarly to prostate cancer?

Answer 5

• UTI
• BPH
• Prostatitis
• Bladder tumour

Question 6

What are the surgical treatments for prostate cancer?

Answer 6

• Radical prostatectomy
• Intersitial radiation implants
• Cryoablation
• High intensity focused ultrasound

Question 7

What are the pharmacological treatments for prostate cancer?

Answer 7

• Radiotherapy
• Chemotherapy
• Synthetic lutenizing hormone releasing hormone analogues – for metastasis
• Antiandrogens – for metastasis

Question 8

What are the non pharmacological treatments for prostate cancer?

Answer 8

• Do nothing and watch

* Palliative care