what is the basic unit of proteins?
amino acids.
what chemical elements do proteins contain?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (some also contain sulphur and phosphorus).
what are proteins?
large organic molecules made up of monomers to create polypeptide chains.
what are R groups?
although amino acids have the same basic structure, parts of amino acids are different in each type of amino acids and this is an R groups (or side-chain).
what does each part of an amino acid diagram mean?
H. R. O.
\ | //
N. C. C.
/ | \
H. H. OH.
basic R carboxylic
amino group group
group. (acidic)
carbon atom
how do amino acids join together?
through a condensation reaction between 2 small molecules to produce a larger molecule and a water molecule is lost.
what is the bond from a condensation reaction called?
a peptide bond.
what is a polypeptide and dipeptide?
when 2 or more amino acids are joined.
what is protein made up of?
one of more polypeptides that are folded into a specific three-dimensional shape.
what are the three structures of proteins?
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.
what is the primary structure of a protein?
the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
what is the secondary structure of a protein?
the way the polypeptide chain is folded.
what is the tertiary structure of a protein?
it is folded further irregularly and becomes the three-dimensional structure of a protein.
what is the quaternary structure of a protein?
the formation of a functional protein from two or more polypeptide chains.
what are the 4 different types of proteins?
structural, defensive, transport and catalyst.
what are the 2 groups of proteins?
globular and fibrous proteins.
what’s an example of a fibrous protein?
collagen.
what’s an example of a globular protein?
haemoglobin.
what is the purpose of fibrous proteins?
to provide structure.
what is the purpose of globular proteins?
for function / metabolic.
what’s is a fibrous protein?
a long narrow polypeptide chain with little to no tertiary structure.
what’s is a globular protein?
a polypeptide chain that has been folded into a compact spherical shape.
