what determines the shape and function of proteins
the sequence of amino acids
what are the building blocks of proteins
amino acids
state the 5 functions of a protein
structural
hormonal
antibody
receptor
enzymes
what are enzymes +2examples
a biological catalyse which speed up chemical reactions and are unchanged by the reatcion
amylase & pepsin
what are hormones+2examples
chemical messages which travle in the bloodstream
glucagon & insulin
what are antibodies
proteins which are produced by the immune system which destroy pathogens
what are receptors
specialized protein that detects a specific stimulus
why are enzymes specific
because they only work with one substance/ substrate because the shape of the active site binds to its complementory molecule
what is the substrate to the enzyme catalase
hydrogen peroxide
what is the substrate to the enzyme amaylase
starch
what are the 3 stages enzymes work in
1- the enzyme binds the substrate at the active site
2-an enzyme-substrate complex is formed
3-products are formed, these are released and the enzyme can be used again
what is a degradation reaction + an example
when a larger substrate is broken down into tow or more smaller products.
during digestion when hydrogen peroxide is broken down by the enzyme catalase into oxygen and energy
what is a synthesis reaction
when a two or more smaller molecules are built up and joined together into a larger molecule
give an example of a degradation enzyme
amyalse
what are two factors which effect enzymes
pH level
temperature
when is an enzyme most active
at its optimum conditions
what happens when the pH level or tempature is to High for an enzyme
it becomes denatured
what happened when it is denatured and why does it no longer word
the active sire changes so it can no longer fit with its substrate
what does an enzyme do
speed up the rate of a reaction
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producing new cells62
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controll and communication48
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variation and inheritance32
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reproduction42
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transport system in plants37
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transport system in animals73
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transport across cell membranes37
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cell structure26
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DNA and the production of proteins20
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proteins19
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genetic engineering8
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respiration25
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skills2
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distribution of organisms20
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food production12
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evolution of species18
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energy in ecosystems12
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ecosystems25
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photosynthesis32
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nat5 exam37
