Protist

Question 1

Eukarya

Answer 1

1 of 3 taxonomic domains of life

• unicellular orgs (most protist/yeasts)
• multicellular orgs (fungi, plants, animals)
• membrane-bound cell nucleus, numerous organelles & extensive cytoskeleton
• large cells
• undergo meiosis
• most reproduce sexually

Question 2

protist

Answer 2

any eukaryote that is not green plant, animal or fungus

• diverse paraphyletic group
• most = unicellular
• some = multicellular or form aggregations
• tend to live in water surrounded environments

Question 3

malaria

Answer 3

human disease caused by 5 species of protist “Plasmidium”

- passed to humans by mosquitoes

Question 4

primary producers

Answer 4

org that creates own food by photosynthesis or related inorganic compounds

• food source for other species
• aka autotroph

Question 5

plankton

Answer 5

drifting orgs in aquatic environment

(ie) animals, plants, archaea, bacteria

Question 6

food chain

Answer 6

pathway of energy flow

• subset of food web
• primary producer -> secondary producer -> decomposer
• describes nutritional relationships btwn orgs

Question 7

global carbon cycle

Answer 7

worldwide movement of carbon among terrestrial ecosystems, oceans & atm

Question 8

flagellum

Answer 8

long, cellular projection that undulates (eukaryotes) or rotates (prokaryotes) to move through environment

pl. flagella

Question 9

endosymbiosis theory

Answer 9

mitochondria originated when bacterial cell took up residence inside another cell
- aka primary endosymbiosis (3 membranes)

“inside-living-together”

Question 10

symbiosis

Answer 10

any close & prolonged physical relationship btwn individuals of 2 diff. species

Question 11

endosymbiosis

Answer 11

association btwn orgs of 2 diff. species in which one lives inside cells of other

Question 12

phagocytosis

Answer 12

uptake by a cell of small particles or cells by invagination & pinching off plasma membran to form small, membrane-bound vesicles
- one type of endocytosis

Question 13

pseudopodia

Answer 13

temporary bulge-like extension of certain protist cells
- used in cell-crawling & ingestion of food

pl. pseudopodium

Question 14

decomposer

Answer 14

org whose diet consists mainly of dead organic matter (detritus)
- aka detritivore

(ie) various bacteria, fungi, protists & animals

Question 15

detritus

Answer 15

dead organic matter layer

- acquires @ ground level or seafloors/lake bottoms

Question 16

parasite

Answer 16

org that lives on a host species (ectoparasite) or in a host species (endoparasite) & damages host

Question 17

amoeboid motion

Answer 17

cellular movement involving actin filaments
- pseudopodia stick to substrate & pull cell forward

(aka) cell crawling