what is the largest and most versatile group of antifungals?
- Azoles - some agents can be applied systemically and topically
- ex. fluconazole. interferes with synthesis of ergosterol
Antifungal: amphotericin B
monitor kidney and liver function!! hepatotoxic.
Which antifungal is most commonly prescribed for oral yeast infections (candidiasis)?
Drug for superficial fungal infections; most available OTC, topical applications. Severe infections treated PO. Superficial antifungal drugs safer than systemic counterparts
Nystatin (nyaderm) – binds to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, creating pores in membrane and allowing intracellular components to leak out of the cell
Why are protozoa difficult to treat once infected by them?
Difficult to treat because of different life cycle stages.
Trophozoite stage and cyst stage
- Trophozoite – active, growing stage during which the organism feeds
Cysts – protective capsules in which organism remains dormant for prolonged periods
Which medication can be used to treat both bacterial and parasitic infections?
- Metronidazole: Binds to DNA and disrupts helical structure, preventing DNA synthesis, causing cell death
What is a common side effect of this medication and how can it be mitigated?
Serious: seizures. Peripheral neuropathy
Patient to report adverse effects including seizures, numbness, nausea, vomiting, hives or itching
Monitor CNS toxicity, manifesting as seizures and peripheral neuropathy
What is the mechanism of action of antifungal drugs:
- Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
- Disruption of membrane integrity
- Disruption of microtubule formation
- Inhibition of B-glucan synthesis; B-glucans are polysaccharides in fungus cell walls
- Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis
