psyb30 final

Question 1

acting in a purposeful and goal directed fashion.

Answer 1

intentionality

Question 2

at what age do humans begin to understand intentionality (what aothers are intending or trying to do)

Answer 2

9 months of age

Question 3

a child’s implicit understanding that other human beings have minds, as does the self, that these minds hold desires and beliefs, and that people act upon their desires and beliefs.

Answer 3

Theory of mind

Question 4

a term used to capture a number of interrelated changes in thought and moitvation that occur in middle childhood. The general developmental move is from early egocentrism, irrationality, and present-oriented thinking to more planful, goal-directed, socio-centric, rational, and future-oriented thought.

the _____ paves the way for the emergence of the motivated agent as a distinct perspective on and layer of human personality.

Answer 4

age 5-7 shift

Question 5

when do we become motivated agents

Answer 5

beginning in middle childhood

AROUND AGE 7

we devise plans in our minds to achieve our valued goals

Question 6

Jean Piaget’s third stage of cognitive development (ages 7-11) where children master the concrete, physical world through classification, seriation, conservation, and other reversible mental operations.

Answer 6

concrete operations

Question 7

a person’s subjective, affective evaluation of the self

Answer 7

self-esteem

Question 8

self esteem emerges as a meaningul construct in personality around what age

Answer 8

age 7

Question 9

the general idea, especially prominent in the first half of the 20th century, that behaviour is motivated by the reduction of drives, which themselves stem from biological needs of basic instincts in the personality.

Answer 9

Drive reduction

Question 10

in Murray’s theory, a construct that stands for a force in the brain region that organizes perception, apperception, intellection, conation, and action in such a way as to transform in a certain direction an existing unsatisfying situation.

now in English:
a _______ is an internal force (in the brain) that 1. shapes how we see and think about the world and 2. motivates (drives) our behavior in order to relieve the tension created by the ____

Answer 10

need

Question 11

To have one’s needs gratified by the sympathetic aid of an allied object. To be nursed, supported, sustained, surrounded, protected, loved, advised, guided, forgiven, consoled. To remain close to a devoted protector. To always have a supporter

Answer 11

succorance

Question 12

an assessment procedure, devised by Murray and Morgan, in which the subjet writes or tells stories in response to a set of ambiguous picture cues

it assesses motivational differences

Answer 12

thematic apperception test (TAT)

Question 13

an assessment device that depends upon the person’s projecting psychological features onto an open-ended, self-initiated response. Examples of projective tests include the Thematic Appreception Test (TAT) and sentence-completion tests. Projective tests typically tap into the themes, images, and categories that pervade conscious thought.

Answer 13

projective test