PSYC Module 4 Notes

Question 1

Germinal Period

Answer 1

• Fertilized egg implants in the uterine lining
• Zygote (1 cell) grows into a blastocyst (100 cells)
• 1/2 do not survive this stage usually due to severe genetic abnormalities

Question 2

First Trimestre

Answer 2

• 2-9 weeks gestation
• 20% miscarriage rate
• Placenta forms
• Major organs form
• Proximodistal and cephalocaudal development
• Called an Embryo

Question 3

Cephalocaudal

Answer 3

Head to toe

Question 4

Proximodistal

Answer 4

Inward organs (nearest torso) develop before outer organs
e.g. fingers and toes after arms and legs

Question 5

Second Trimestre

Answer 5

• Months 4 to 6
• called a fetus
• Respiratory organs finalize development
• Reflexes such as sucking begin
• Responds to light
• Sleep/wake cycles

Question 6

Viability

Answer 6

at around 24 weeks gestation, babies usually survives with NICU care. A small number of babies born between 21-23 weeks gestation have survived.

• Resuscitation before 24 weeks is considered experimental
  -<5% survival at 21 weeks, <50% at 23 weeks

Question 7

Third Trimestre

Answer 7

• 6 months to birth
• Organ maturation continues in 3rd trimestre
• Babies develop body fat
• 36 to 37 weeks is early term vs preterm (usually a take home baby)
• 40 weeks is full term

Question 8

Early Brains

Answer 8

• Glial cells beginning to form at 24 weeks
• Most neurons in the brain have formed
• Fetuses can feel pain by 24 weeks
• Brain devlopment begins in the 3rd week with the differentiation of stem cells or neural plate
• By the end of 3rd week neural groove forms neural plat and becomes neural tube
• the open region becomes the ventricles and spinal cord
• By the end of week 8 the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain are formed

Question 9

Deficiencies

Answer 9

• Like teratogens, nutritional deficiencies have the highest risk in the 1st trimestre

Question 10

Newborn Complications

Answer 10

• Prematurity
• Anoxia (lack of oxygen to the brain, causing brain damage)
• Infections/sepsis
• Complications from birth defects

Question 11

Paternal Age as a risk factor

Answer 11

Parents having children later
- Babies born to women over 35 have more risk of genetic difference such as down syndrome
- Older fathers can greate genetic risks for the baby

Question 12

Newborn Assessment

Answer 12

• Apgar scores help determine if newborns are medically stable/require interventions
• Newborn screening tests can prevent future illness or disability

Question 13

Newborn Reflexes

Answer 13

• Infants are born with involuntary/fixed responses
• Some have obvious impact on survival
• Some may have had an evolutionary advantage

Question 14

Sucking Reflex

Answer 14

Survival
- Can suckle milk right away

Question 15

Grasp Reflex

Answer 15

• Grasping anything that is graised on the palm
• Gripping onto back may have had benefit in nomadic days