Pteridophyta

Question 1

Characteristics Of Pteridophytes
In terms of leaves
In terms of habitation
In terms of body structure
Im terms of vascular system
In terms of cuticle possession
In terms of reproduction
In terms of reproduction conditions

Common Examples:

Answer 1

They have large leaves that are called fronds
They are found in moist shady areas
They have a well differentiated plant body: root, stem and leaves
They have a vascular system for the conduction of water and other substances
The leaves of these plants have a thick cuticle
These plants have naked embryos called Spores. The reproductive organs in them are inconspicuous.
They need water for reproduction and they do not reproduce fruits

Common Examples: Selaginella, Equisetum, Pteris, Marselia, Ferns, etc.

Question 2

Pteridophytes

They are …. which are …. having … and …
They can be broadly classified into … phyla:

Ferns are … plants with … & … … leaves. They are considered ….(because of their … and
…)

Answer 2

Pteridophytes

They are vascular seedless plants which are non-flowering having xylem and phloem.
They can be broadly classified into 2 phyla:
Pterophyta[True ferns]
Lycophyta[Club mosses]

Ferns are small land plants with graceful & delicate compound leaves. They are considered Precious plants(because of their beauty and difficulty in propagation)

Question 3

…. are the very … “true” plants to adapt to life on ….

Pteridophytes (…-…+…-…)
They may be defined as …
They reproduce through … and not … (as they are … plants)
They are growing …. in … & … areas in …

Answer 3

Pteridophytes are the very first “true” plants to adapt to life on land.

Pteridophytes (Pteron-Feather+Phyton-Plants)
They may be defined as vascular crytogams
They reproduce through spores and not seeds (as they are seedless plants)
They are growing abundantly in wet & hilly areas in Nigeria

Question 4

Characteristics Of Pteridophytes

In terms of seed production
In terms of variation
In terms of tree forms
In terms of symmetry & leaves
In terms of root types

Answer 4

They are vascular seedless plants that possess true root, stem & leaves
They exhibit a great variation in form, size and structure
Most are herbaceous except a few woody tree forms
They may be dorsi-ventral or radial in symmetry and have dichotomously or laterally branched stems that bear microphyllous or megaphyllous leaves
Their roots are generally adventitious, the primary embryonic root being short-lived

Question 5

Characteristics Of Pteridophytes

In terms of plant classification
In terms of spore development
In terms of sex organs
In terms of alternation of generations
In terms of generational dependence

Answer 5

They are cryptogams
Spores develop in sporangia
Sex organs are multicellular
They show true alternation of generations
The young sporophyte is partially dependent on the gametophyte

Question 6

Sexuality of pteridophytic gametophytes can be classified as follows

Answer 6

1. Dioecious
2. Monoecious
3. Protandrous
4. Protogynous

Question 7

Economic Importance Of Pteridophytes
(5 points)

Answer 7

1. Food(Some young leaf tips are used as vegetables)
2. Fodder(Dry fronds are used to feed livestock)
3. Medicine(Lycopodium; used as protective dusting powder)
4. Herbicides(E.g Pteridium Aquilinium)
5. Biofertiliser(E.g Azolla)

Question 8

Pteridophytes Versus Spermatophytes
1. The sporophytes is …, typically … phase of ..

2. Pteridophytes are organized into …., … and …
3. The … and the … of Pteridophytes are provided with … made up of ….
4. Some pteridophytes do approach … and some … pteridophytes had …

Answer 8

Pteridophytes Versus Spermatophytes
1. The sporophytes is dominant, typically photosynthetic phase of life cycle

2. Pteridophytes are organized into stem, root and leaves
3. The roots and the leafy shoots of Pteridophytes are provided with a conducting system made up of specialized cells
4. Some pteridophytes do approach seed-habit and some fossil pteridophytes had seed-like structure

Question 9

Pteridophytes Versus Bryophytes

1. Unlike bryophytes in which sporophyte is …. upon gametophyte …. and …., the sporophyte is independent at …. in Pteridophytes and is the …. of … instead of … (as in …)
2. In Pteridophytes, the sporophyte has .., … and … and …..- Xylem & … which are absent in ….
3. Some pteridophytes are …. but all bryophytes are ….

Answer 9

Pteridophytes Versus Bryophytes

1. Unlike bryophytes in which sporophyte is dependent upon gametophyte physically and physiologically, the sporophyte is independent at maturity in Pteridophytes and is the DOMINANT PHASE of life cycle instead of Gametophyte (as in Bryophytes)
2. In Pteridophytes, the sporophyte has true roots, stems and leaves and well developed conducting tissues- Xylem & Phloem which are absent in Bryophytes
3. Some pteridophytes are heterosporous but all bryophytes are homosporous

Question 10

Life Cycle Of Pteridophytes
They have … distinct phases:

-They … each other in … succession.
* The generations look …; and are therefore termed …

• Gametophyte produces … male gametes (…) and … female gametes (…)
• Fusion between an … and … results in the formation of a zygote which is ….
• The … divides by … and forms the …
• By …, a number of … non-motile … are produced on the …
• The life cycle is then … when a spore …. and produces a … by …

• Sporophyte is the … phase in the life cycle of Pteridophytes

Answer 10

Life Cycle Of Pteridophytes
They have 2 distinct phases:
a. Gametophyte
b. Sporophyte
-They follow each other in regular succession.
* The generations look different; and are therefore termed heteromorphic.

• Gametophyte produces motile male gametes (sperms) and non-motile female gametes (eggs)
• Fusion between an egg cell and male gamete results in the formation of a zygote which is diploid
• The zygote divides by mitotic divisions and forms the sporophyte
• By mitosis, a number of haploid non-motile spores are produced on the sporophyte
• The life cycle is then completed when a spore germinates and produces a haploid gametophyte by mitotic divisions

• Sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle of Pteridophytes