Positive Bronchodilator Response
> 12% FEV1 and 200ml improvement
Positive methacholine challenge
20% decrease
Extra pulmonary conditions causing low DLCO (3)
Anemia, PE, pulmonary edema
Pleural Protein/Serum Protein Ratio Exudative
> 0.5
Pleural LDH/Serum LDH Ratio Exudative
> 0.6
Which diagnosis? Pleural Effusion triglycerides >110
Chylothorax
Which diagnosis? Pleural Effusion Amylase Elevated
Esophageal rupture
Indication for thoracentesis in effusion
> 1cm, not caused by CHF
Indications for Oxygen in COPD
SpO2<89, pO2<55, FEV1<30
Abx for COPD exacerbation (2)
3rd cephalosporin + macrolide, fluoroquinolone