Pulmonary system

Question 1

Ventilation

Answer 1

Movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

movement of gases between air spaces in the lungs and the bloodstream

Question 3

Which lung has 3 lobes

Answer 3

right

Question 4

4 Pulmonary circulation functions

Answer 4

1. facilitates gas exchange
2. Delivers nutrients to the lung tissues
3. Acts as a blood reservoir for the left ventricle
4. Serves as a filtering system that removes clots, air, and other debris from the circulation

Question 5

Gas exchange occurs iin

Answer 5

Alveolocapillary membrane

Question 6

Most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction

Answer 6

low alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)

Question 7

Hypoxic vasoconstrition

Answer 7

caused by alveolar and pulmonary venous hypoxia. The arterioles constrict and blood is then redirected to healthier alveoli
or happens to whole lung in high altitudes or emphysema or in fetal circulation, cam result in pulmonary hypertension

Question 8

Prostaglandin

Answer 8

vasodilation

Question 9

nitric oxide

Answer 9

vasodilation

Question 10

How many ribs

Answer 10

12

Question 11

First 7 ribs

Answer 11

sternum

Question 12

Floating ribs

Answer 12

11 and 12 do no communicate with sternum

Question 13

Ventilations vs respiration

Answer 13

Respiration, exchange of o2 and co2 in cellular metabolism
ventilation-mechanical movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs

Question 14

Mechanical ventilation

Answer 14

outside environment in and out of lungs
active phase- contraction-air into lungs
passive phase-relax of diaphragm to expire air out of lungs

Question 15

Alveolar ventilation

Answer 15

amount of air that reaches alveoli that is available for gas exchange, measure by C02

Question 16

minute volume

Answer 16

ventilatory rate is multiplied by the volume of air per breath

Question 17

Respiratory centers in brain

Answer 17

dorsal group-brainstem-reveives impulses and detects CO2 and O2 in blood
ventral group- medulla, becomes active during increased ventilation
pneumatic and apneustic-pons, modified depth and rate

Question 18

central chemoreceptors

Answer 18

increases respiratory depth and rate
detects CO2

Question 19

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 19

stimulated by hypoxemia
responsible for all increase in ventilation that occurs in response to arterial hypoxemia

Question 20

Surfactant reduces surfaces tension which helps keep alveoli open.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

24-28 weeks gestation is when ____ starts producing

Answer 21

surfactant

Question 22

benefits of decreases surface tension

Answer 22

increase compliance-makes it easy for alveoli to expand during inflation
all alveoli in lungs inflate and deflate at almost the same rate

Question 23

what pneumocytes produce surfactant

Answer 23

Type II pneumocytes

Question 24

Sympathetic nerves in beta 2 adrenergic repetiors which increases diameter or airways

Answer 24

true