Pupil

Question 1

What is the meaning of:
1. Anisoconia
2. Dyscoria
3. Corectopia

Answer 1

1. Anisoconia– different size
2. Dyscoria– different shape
3. Corectopia– different position

Question 2

Near reflex is composed of

Answer 2

1. Pupillary constriction
2. Conversion
3. Accommodation

Question 3

The other name of Marcus gunn

Answer 3

Relative afferent pupillary defect

Question 4

What is the definition of Marcus Gunn pupil?

Answer 4

Paradoxical dilatation of the pupil when the torchlight is swung from the contralateral normal eye to the affected eye

Question 5

What is the cause of Marcus gunn pupil?

Answer 5

due to unilateral or asymmetrical disease of the retina or optic nerve

Question 6

Features of horner’s syndrome

Answer 6

1. Ptosis
2. Miosis
3. Anhydrosis
4. Ipsilateral iris hypochromia

Question 7

How to test horner syndrom

Answer 7

Topical cocaine
1. Normal: Dilate
2. Honerer = No dilatation

Question 8

Causes of horner

Answer 8

1. Tumor
2. Truma
3. Other (inflammation or congenital but rare)

Question 9

When we consider it miosis or mydrasis

Answer 9

Miosis less than 2mm
Mydrasis more than 6mm

Question 10

Causes of miosis

Answer 10

Ps
1. Pain killer = morphin
2. Pilocarpin (parasympathomimitic)
3. Posterior synechia
4. Grandpa 👴 = senile miosis
5. Other:
- congenital
- trauma (superior orbital fissior)
- meningitis encephalitis cavernous sinus thrombosis

Question 11

Causes of mydriasis

Answer 11

1. Drugs (atropine and cocain)
2. Trauma (ocular,intracranial)
3. Tumor
4. Pressure (ICP)

Question 12

About Adie’s syndrome

Answer 12

1. Large pupil
2. Unilateral
3. More in female 20 - 40
4. Slow near reflex

Question 13

Adie’s syndrome associated with

Answer 13

1. Sarcoid
2. Tumor
3. DM
4. Infections (HZ and syphilis)

Question 14

When the large pupil of Adei’s constricted?

Answer 14

1. With small dose of pilocarpin (hypersensitivity)
2. In near reflex
   BUT NOT IN THE LIGHT

Question 15

About Argyl Robertson pupils

Answer 15

1. Irregular small pupil
2. Not affect by light but affect by near
3. Usually bilateral
4. Good vision
5. Due to lesion to EW subnucleus

Question 16

OK, what is the different between:
1. Adie’s syndrome
2. Argyl Robertson

Answer 16

1. Size: Adie’s large, Argyl small
2. Affect by light: both not
3. Near reflex: both yes
4. Both eye? Adie’ uni , Argyl bilateral
5. affect vison: adie’s blurred , Argyl good vision

Question 17

Causes of Leukocoria:

Answer 17

1. Cataract
2. Retinoblastoma
3. Retinal detachment
4. Retinopathy
5. Retinal dysplasia
6. Coat’s
7. Toxocariasis
8. Norrie’s disease (نوري دنماركي وليس كما تعتقد )😅

Question 18

Causes of anisoconia

Answer 18

physiological
20% of population
pathological
1. Drug
2. Injury
3. Keratitis
4. Posterior synechia
5. syndromes (Argyl Robertson, horner)
6. Close angle glucoma
7. Aniridia
8. DM

Question 19

Cauaes of heterochromia

Answer 19

Congenital
Horner syndrome
Fuch’s heterchromic iridocyclitis
Ocular sidrosis
Nevus of ota
Iris melanoma
Unilateral xalatan (PG analog)
sturge weber syndrome