PYTHON

Question 1

Hardware

Answer 1

The physical devices that a computer is made of

Question 2

What is a computer?

Answer 2

A computer is not one single device , but a system of devices that all work together.

Question 3

CPU

Answer 3

CPU is the part of computer that actually runs the program. It ıs the brain of computer system

Question 4

Main memory

Answer 4

This is where the computer stores a program while the program is running , as well as the data that the program is working with.

Question 5

RAM

Answer 5

It is usually a volatile type of memory that is used for only temporary storage while a program is running.

Question 6

Secondary StorageDevices

Answer 6

It is a type of memory that can hold data for long period of time even when there is no power to the computer .Most common secondary storage device is “ disk drive “

Question 7

Algorithm

Answer 7

A set of well defined logical steps that must be taken to perform a task is called algorithm (step diyince aklına gelsin

Question 8

Mixed Type Expression

Answer 8

It is an expression that uses operands of different data types is called mixed type expression.

Question 9

Operant

Answer 9

Left and right digits near of the operator.
2 + 4
2 and 4 are operands.

Question 10

pseudocode

Answer 10

Mockup code fake code(It ıs an informal language that ha no syntax rule)

Question 11

Algorithm

Answer 11

A set of well defined logical steps that must be taken to perform a task .

Question 12

Input

Answer 12

It ıs a data that the program receives

Question 13

Output

Answer 13

The results of operation is sent out of the program

Question 14

Comments

Answer 14

Commments are notes of explanation that document items or section of a program.

Question 15

Variable

Answer 15

A variable is name that represents a value in the computer’s memory.

Question 16

Multiple Assignment Statement

Answer 16

Several variables which can be used in a one single statement(t , y , a= 1 , 2 , 3)

Question 17

Index

Answer 17

It specifies the elements locatıon
[1],[0] vs

Question 18

F_string

Answer 18

Formatted string

Question 19

Alignment Designator

Answer 19

< > ^

Question 20

Precision designator

Answer 20

.1f
.2f

Question 21

Magic number

Answer 21

A magic number is an unexplained value that appears in a program’s code
Amount = balance * 0.069
0.069 is a magic number

Question 22

Logical Operator

Answer 22

They are set of operator that you can connect multiple Boolean Expression in order to create compound expression.
“And”
“Or”
“Not” these are logical operators

Question 23

Boolean Expressions

Answer 23

The expressions that are tested whether it is true or false By the if statement are called Boolean expression

Question 24

Relational Operator

Answer 24

It is an operator type that determines and compare whether a specific relationship exists between two values.

Question 25

Sentinel

Answer 25

Sentinel is a special value that marks the end of a sequence of items

Question 26

Target value

Answer 26

For loopta kullanılan variable’ın adına denir.

Question 27

Step value

Answer 27

For loopta range functionunun içinde bulunan, kaçar kaçar gittiğini temsil eden kısımdır. for count in range (f,y,m) deki m range functiondur.Sayıların kaçar kaçar gideceğini temsil eder.

Question 28

Augmented Assignment Value

Answer 28

Kısaca x=x+2 tarzı ifadelerinin kısa ve daha anlaşılır bir şekilde yazılması x+=2 bir augmented assignment value,+= augmented operatördür.

Question 29

Error trap , error handler

Answer 29

These terms are the alternative names of input validation

Question 30

Divide and conquer

Answer 30

A large task is divided into several smaller tasks that are easily performed.

Question 31

Modularized Program

Answer 31

A program that has been written with each task performed by a seperate function

Question 32

Local variable

Answer 32

Sadece içlerinde bulunmuş oldukları fonksiyonda tanımlı olan özel variable türlerine denir.

Question 33

Scope

Answer 33

The part of a program in which a variable may be accessed

Question 34

Parameter

Answer 34

The variables that receive pieces of data in a function are called parameters Def main(number) value= 5 show_double(value) Def back_up(number): result = number * 2 print(result) main() Burada parantez içindeki value ve result birer parametredir.

Question 35

Dictionary

Answer 35

A dictionary is an object that stores a collection of data.(lists can also collect datas)

Question 36

Arguments

Answer 36

The pieces of data that are passed into a function are called arguments

Question 37

Program

Answer 37

A program is a set of instruction that a computer follows a task

Question 38

Mnemonic

Answer 38

Assembly languagede kullanılan kısa kelimeler

Question 39

Debug

Answer 39

Hataları ayıklamak ve düzenlemek

Question 40

Conditional expression

Answer 40

If else statementinin kısa halde yazılmış,tek satırlık versiyonu If a>b: result=0 else: result=1 result= 0 if a>b else 1 bu bir conditional expressiondur.

Question 41

Argument

Answer 41

An argument is a piece of data that is sent into function

Question 42

Condition controlled loop

Answer 42

it causes a statement or set of statement to repeat as long as condition is true It is also known as "While"

Question 43

Count Controlled loop

Answer 43

It iterates specific number of times. In python ıt is also known as "for"

Question 44

Sequence

Answer 44

It is an obect that holds multiple items of data

Question 45

Top-down design.

Answer 45

A design system in which algorithm is broken into functions

Question 46

Divide and conquer method

Answer 46

A method is that a large program is divided into several small pieces that are easily performed

Question 47

Hiararchy Graph

Answer 47

It ıs a visualization graph that in order to see function’s name and connection betweeen one another. There is no process details unlike flowchart.

Question 48

Modularized Program

Answer 48

A program that has been written with each task performed by a seperate function

Question 49

Scope

Answer 49

It is a special area that function can acccess

Question 50

Keyword Argument

Answer 50

An argument that is written in accordance with this syntax is known as keyword argument

Question 51

Keyword Only Parameter

Answer 51

Def show_sum(a,b,*,c,d) This asterisk is called keyword only parameter. C and d is accepted by python as keyword arguments.Others are positional arguments

Question 52

Positional Only Parameter

Answer 52

Def show_sum(a,b,c,d,/) / is accepted as positional only parameter A b c an d are positional arguments

Question 53

Writing A file

Answer 53

The process of saving data in a file (Verilen bir dosyaya verilerin kaydedilmesi işlemine denir)

Question 54

Reading A file

Answer 54

the process of retrieving data from a file k(bir dosyadan veri alma işlemine denir)

Question 55

newline character (\n)

Answer 55

It seperates the items that are stored in the file.

Question 56

strip rstrip(it removes the right \n ) lstrip(it removes the left \n) file_variable.rstrip("\n")(KULLANIMI)

Answer 56

It removes the items coupling with "\n"

Question 57

Sets

Answer 57

A set contains a collection of unique values and works like mathematical set ÇOK ÖNEMLİ: "UNIQUE VALUES" kısmı bizim yol göstericimiz olacak

Question 58

object

Answer 58

An object is a software entity that contains both data and procedures

Question 59

data attributes

Answer 59

the data contained in an object is known as the data attributes.

Question 60

method

Answer 60

the procedures that an object performs are known as methods.An object's methods are functions that perform operations on the object's data attributes.

Question 61

__init__

Answer 61

To initialize an object's data attributes in a program.

Question 62

(self)parameter

Answer 62

metodun hangi nesne üzerinde çalışsacağını belirtiyor. Data attribute ve diğer metodlara erişim sağlıyor.

Question 63

UML(UNified Modeling Language)

Answer 63

class kodu yazmadan önce oluşturulan tasarımsal ön grafiktir.UML'lere self parametresi yazılmaz

Question 64

FINDING THE CLASSES IN A PROBLEM

Answer 64

bir potensiyal class ismi bulmak için programcılar üç teknikten faydalanırlar 1-)Problem domainin bir tanımını yapmak 2-) bu problemdeki tanımda geçen tüm isim,isim tamlamaları ve zamirleri yazmak 3-) bunlları değerlendirip tutmak,ya da elemek eğer aynı şeye karşılık gelen ifadeler varsa elenirt eğer programda ihtiyaç duymadığımız bir data ismi varsa elenir bazen bi potansiyel isimler classı değil object'i yorumlar bu yüzden elenir(mesela car bir class BMW,PORCHE,MERCEDES object eğer bazı isimlerin cevaplari çok basit stringler ya da integerler içeriyorsa o zaman class olma ihtimalleri yoktur elenirler bazen yazılımcılar bir ismin hem çoğulunu hem de tekilini potansiyel isim olarak değerlendirirler.Bazen Çoğul olan isim class,tekil olan ism objecttir

Question 65

Problem Domain

Answer 65

It is a written description of the real world objects parties and major events related to the problem

Question 66

Accessor (getter)

Answer 66

the thing does not change the data atttributes is known accessor. Mostly get.__ structures are accessors

Question 66

Mutator(setter)

Answer 66

the thing which changes the data attribute due to some reasons are called mutator.Mostly set.__ structures are the potential mutators

Question 67

Writing A file

Answer 67

The process of saving data in a file as "writing data".Verinin programdaki bir değşkenden alınıp dosyaya kopyalanmasıdır.Writing file bir output çıktısıdır.

Question 68

record

Answer 68

A record is a complete set of data about an item

Question 69

field

Answer 69

a field is an individual piece of data within a record

Question 70

void function

Answer 70

a function that simply executes the statements that it contains and does not return the value back to the part of the program that called it .

Question 71

value-returning function

Answer 71

a function that returns a value back to the part of the program that called it .(example: input(),int(),float())