CSO 2025 > questions > Flashcards

questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Which phase of carcinogenesis is characterized by irreversible DNA damage?

A

initiation

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2
Q

What is the recommended range for protein inake for a non-stressed cancer patient?

A

1-1.5 g/kg/day

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3
Q

Which chemo is notorious for causing severe, delayed nausea and vomiting?

A

cisplatin

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4
Q

which chemo is a vinca alkaloid known for causing peripheral neuropathy and constipation

A

vincristine

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5
Q

radiation therapy that uses radioactive sources placed directly inside or very close to the tumor is called:

A

brachytherapy

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6
Q

the most common type of gastrointestinal toxicity associated with high-dose chemotherapy regimens for hematologic malignancies is:

A

severe mucositis

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7
Q

in cancer cachexia, the body typically experiences a disproportionate loss of:

A

lean body mass (muscle)

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8
Q

why is early oral intake emphasized in Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for surgical oncology patients?

A

helps preserve gut mucosal integrity and accelerates bowel recovery.

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9
Q

which class of traditional chemotherapy agents primarily works by mimicking natural building blocks of DNA/RNA, thereby halting synthesis?

A

antimetabolites

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10
Q

what is the recommended range for calorie intake for a hypermetabolic cancer patient?

A

30-35 kcal/kg/day

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11
Q

which chemotherapy agent class works by directly binding to DNA, creating cross-links that prevent replication?

A

alkylating agents

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12
Q

what is a key component of immunonutrition formulas due to its anti-inflammatory properties?

A

omega-3s

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13
Q

permanent xerostomia from radiation to the head and neck is categorized as what?

A

late toxicity

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14
Q

which phase of carcinogenesis involves the abnormal proliferation of initiated cells?

A

promotion

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15
Q

Which food group has controversial evidence regarding increasing prostate cancer risk, particularly related to calcium intake?

A

dairy

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16
Q

what is a common nutritional implication of anthracycline chemotherapy agents?

A

cardiotoxicity

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17
Q

which dietary supplements should generally be used with caution or avoided during active chemotherapy due to potential interference with treatment efficacy?

A

high-dose antioxidant supplements

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18
Q

which chemotherapy class works by preventing the proper assembly or disassembly of microtubules during cell division?

A

antimetabolites

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19
Q

what are key characteristics of late toxicities from radiation therapy?

A

emerge months or years post-treatment and can be permament.

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20
Q

what is a nutritional consequence of a Whipple procedure?

A

malabsorption requiring PERT

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21
Q

what is a key component of immunonutrition known for its role in supporting gut barrier integrity?

A

glutamine

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22
Q

what is the recommended range for protein intake for a hypermetabolic cancer patient?

A

1.5-2.5 g/kg/day

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23
Q

Which chemo agent class primarily works by inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes, causing DNA strand breaks?

A

topoisomerase inhibitors

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24
Q

Radiation therapy using a machine outside the patient’s body to direct beams is called:

A

teletherapy (external Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT)

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25
which chemotherapy agent class primarily works by producing highly reactive free radicals and directly damaging DNA?
anthracyclines
26
which class of chemo agents specifically targets the M-phase of the cell cycle by interfering with microtubules?
antimitotic drugs
27
What chemo usually requires it B12 & folic acid supplementation?
Petetrexed
28
When does early dumping occur in dumping syndrome?
10 - 30 min postprandial
29
When does late dumping occur in dumping syndrome?
1 - 3 hours postprandial
30
What is the most common and best prognosis of thyroid cancers
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
31
When are energy needs highest during HCT?
Post transplant due to metabolic demand
32
What is GVHD
T-cell mediated immunologic reaction of engrafted lymphoid cells against host tissues
33
When does GVHD typically occur?
Within the first 100 days post transplant
34
What are the major organs affected by gvhd?
Skin, liver, GI tract
35
What are clinical manifestations of gut GVHD?
Nausea, vomiting,anorexia, food intolerance, abdominal pain, diarrhea
36
What do those taking pemetrexed (Alimta) have to supplement?
Folic acid and B12 to reduce side effects
37
what is the opposite option for a bitter taste change?
sweet
38
What is the opposite for a salty taste change?
low sodium and boiled
39
Opposite for sweet taste change?
bland or sour
40
CTCAE 1 of diarrhea
less than 4 stools per day over baseline
41
CTCAE 2 of diarrhea
4-6 stools per day over baseline
42
CTCAE 3 of diarrhea
7 or more stools over baseline
43
Common characteristics of cancer cachexia?
anorexia, muscle status, reduced food intake, fatigue
44
Patients undergoing total gastrectomy for stomach cancer are at risk for what deficiencies?
Vitamin B12, folate, iron, calcium, vitamin D
45
diet restrictions for latter-day saints church.
caffeine
46
seventh-day Adventist diet restrictions.
lacto-ovo vegetarian (low fat dairy and eggs are accepted)
47
What tool correlates with muscle mass and functional status in patients with advanced cancer?
PG-SGA
48
What are two common complications of Torisel?
hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia
49
Elevated serum CA 19-9 levels are most commonly associated with which malignancies?
pancreatic cancer
50
What is the leading lifestyle risk factor for cancer development?
tobacco use
51
In patients with advanced cancer, which parameters have limited usefulness as an indicator of nutrition status?
BMI
52
A karnofsky performance scale score of 60% indicates that a patient:
requires occasional assistance, but can manage most personal care
53
What percentage of patients with ovarian cancer experience malnutrition?
70%
54
What % of pediatric oncology patients present with malnutrition at the time of diagnosis?
5-20%
55
what lab test should be considered when monitoring patients following a ketogenic diet for greater than 6 months?
zinc, phosphorus, selenium, vit D
56
BSA method for calculating fluid needs
1500mL x BSA
57
What antiemetic should be administered 30 minutes before radiation therapy?
Compazine ## Footnote Compazine is commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy and radiation.
58
What chemo should have folic acid and Vit b12 supplemented to reduce side effects?
pemetrexed (alimta)
59
What should be supplemented to reduce side effects in pemetrexed (Alimta)
folic acid and vitamin b12
60
What side effects might someone struggle with when taking torisel?
hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia
61
What diet is at risk for deficiency in B12, D, zinc, calcium, and iodine?
vegan diet
62
What functional food can help mitigate the side effects of oxaliplatin?
Glutamine ## Footnote Glutamine is an amino acid that may help reduce gastrointestinal toxicity associated with oxaliplatin treatment.
63
What should be supplemented when taking Zometa?
Daily intake of **calcium** and **vitamin D** is recommended. ## Footnote These supplements help prevent potential side effects associated with Zometa treatment.
64
What dietary considerations should be made for someone with hemochromatosis?
Foods low in **iron** and **vitamin C** are recommended, while avoiding high-iron foods such as red meat and fortified cereals. ## Footnote This helps manage iron absorption and prevent complications associated with hemochromatosis.
65
What is pilocarpine used for?
Pilocarpine is primarily used to treat dry mouth caused chemotherapy side effects ## Footnote It stimulates saliva production and can also be used in ophthalmology to treat glaucoma.
66
what types of chemos cause red/orange urine due to the drug color?
anthracyclines (cins)
67
antiandrogens
hot flashes, weight gain, low libido
68
what are most hormonal therapies used for?
breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers
69
what are some insoluble food fibers for constipation?
bran, inulin, flaxseed, wheat germ
70
what is the most common solid tumor in kids?
neuroblastoma
71
Pediatric screenign tool for oncology?
SCAN
72
Sufficient Vit D levels for pediatric patients?
30-100ng/mL
73
protein needs for hepatic cancer
1-1.5 g/kg as tolerated, needs increase as liver decompensates
74
protein needs with hepatic cancer with encephalopathy
1 g/kg
75
energy needs for hepatic cancer
25-40 kcal/kg based on euvolemic (dry) weight
76
supplement ___ with cirrhosis at _ to _ mg/day
thiamine, 1-2 mg/day
CSO 2025
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