Ansc 120 > Rabbits > Flashcards

Rabbits Flashcards

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1
Q

Rabbits are altricial or precocial?

A

Altricial (born hairless and blind)

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2
Q

Hares are altricial or precocial?

A

Precocial (born with hair and good eyesight)

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3
Q

what is a baby rabbit called?

A

kit

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4
Q

what is a baby hare called

A

leveret

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5
Q

where do rabbits usually give birth?

A

underground burrows/warrens
- except cottontails (they do NOT live underground)

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6
Q

where do hares give birth?

A

above ground in flattened nests called forms

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7
Q

rabbits belong to what kingdom?

A

animalia

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8
Q

rabbits belong to what superphylum

A

chordata

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9
Q

rabbits belong to what phylum?

A

vertebrata

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10
Q

rabbits belong to what class

A

mammalia

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11
Q

rabbits belong to what order?

A

lagomorpha

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12
Q

rabbits belong to what family?

A

leporidae

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13
Q

rabbits belong to how many genera within leporidae?

A

7 genera

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14
Q

What are the genera of rabbits (family Leporidae)?

A
  • Pentalagus
  • Bunolagus
  • Nesolagus
  • Romerolagus
  • Brachylagus
  • Sylvilagus
  • Oryctolagus
  • Poelagus
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15
Q

what is the scientific name of the domestic rabbit?

A

Oryctolagus cuniculus

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16
Q

what is the 3rd most popular pet?

A

domestic rabbits

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17
Q

what is a female rabbit called?

A

doe

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18
Q

wat is a male rabbit called?

A

buck

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19
Q

what are the four main uses of rabbits?

A

companionship, food, clothing, research

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20
Q

in which regions are rabbits and hares commonly used for meat?

A

Europe, NA, SA, China, middle east

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21
Q

rabbit meat ranks what in global livestock meat production?

A

5th in the world

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22
Q

what rabbit breed is commonly used for wool production?

A

angora rabbits
- sheared like sheep

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23
Q

in the context of rabbits, what is a fryer vs roaster rabbit?

A

fryer: young rabbit raised for meat (4-5lbs)
roaster: older rabbit used for meat (>5lbs)

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24
Q

how does rabbit meat compare nutritionally to pork, chicken, and beef?

A

rabbit meat is leaner (lower fat) than pork, chicken, and beef

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25
what is the largest breed of rabbit?
continental giants
26
what is special about rabbit bones?
~50% of the density of cat bones - very lightweight and fragile
27
why do rabbits have wide-set eyes?
they are prey animals and this allows a wide field of vision - they do not have strong binocular vision because their eyes are positioned laterally
28
are rabbits nearsighted or far sighted?
farsighted - low number of cones reduing color vision
29
what type of teeth do rabbits have?
open rooted teeth that grow continuously - prevent overgrowth by contact with opposite teeth and chewing rough food
30
how do rabbits defend themselves?
using their powerful back legs to scratch and cause deep injuries - may bite
31
what aggressive behaviour can occur between male rabbits (bucks)?
they fight and attempt to castrate each other
32
true or false: rabbits can be house trained
true
33
Why are rabbits vulnerable to overheating?
they cannot tolerate excessive heat well, and are only comfortable at moderate temps
34
what type of diet do rabbits have?
obligate herbivores - they process their food into a very fine powder before swallowing
35
What are cecotrophs (cecotropes)?
Nutrient-rich soft fecal pellets produced in the cecum that rabbits re-ingest to obtain additional nutrients. - eating these feces are known as coprophagia - rabbits form two types of stool (soft and hard)
36
Why is fiber important in a rabbit’s diet?
keeps the gastrointestinal tract moving normally - 15-17% fiber is recommended - low fiber can cause gastric atony
37
what can gastric atony lead to in rabbits?
hairballs and fatal intestinal impaction, and dysbiosis
38
what is dysbiosis in rabbits?
Disruption of normal intestinal bacteria, leading to intestinal dysregulation and severe infections.
39
What problem can occur if rabbits eat too much calcium?
uroluthaisis (bladder stones)
40
what type of ovulators are rabbits?
induced ovulators - ovulation occurs after mating (9-13 hours)
41
What does it mean that rabbits are photoperiod sensitive?
Their reproductive activity is affected by day length. - less fertile in autumn - prefer 14 hours light : 10 hours dark
42
at what age do male rabbits (bucks) reach sexual maturity?
4-5 months
43
at what age do female rabbits reach sexual maturity?
4-9 months
44
what is the gestation length in rabbits?
29-34 days - produce 4-10 kits - wean kits by 4-6 weeks
45
What is pododermatitis in rabbits?
A painful condition affecting the feet (usually hind feet) caused by excessive pressure, leading to hair loss, callus formation, and skin wounds.
46
What is the progression of pododermatitis in rabbits?
1. Hair loss 2. Callus formation 3. Skin wounds 4. Infection spreading to tendons, muscles, and joints
47
What breed of rabbits is genetically predisposed to pododermatitis?
Rex rabbits
48
what environmental factors contribute to sore hocks in rabbits?
- Wire flooring - Small confinement spaces - Poor sanitation / wet bedding
49
What individual factors increase pododermatitis risk?
obseity - rabbits that thump their feet
50
What is the prognosis for severe pododermatitis cases?
guarded prognosis - mild cases can be treated
51
What causes rabbit snuffles?
Pasteurella multocide, a gram negative rod bacterium - it is a endemic disease - aka pasteurellosis
52
How do young rabbits usually acquire snuffles?
Direct nasal contact or aerosolized droplets (sneezing) from infected adults.
53
What other transmission routes exist for rabbit snuffles?
- venereal transmission - blood contact
54
clinical signs of rabbit snuffles
- Sudden death - sneezing, difficulty breathing (dyspnea) - watery eyes (conjunctivitis) - runny nose (rhinitis), - inner ear infection (otitis media or otitis interna) - wry neck (torticollis) - uterine & testicular infection (infertility, pyometra, orchitis) - lung infection (pneumonia)
55
What causes Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease (RHD)?
A calcivirus -- specifically Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (family calciviridae)
56
what type of disease is RHD?
A highly contagious and highly fatal viral disease of rabbits ~ 90% mortality
57
How is Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease transmitted?
direct contact (mouth, eyes, nose)
58
What are the common clinical signs of RHD?
dullness (lethargy), difficulty breathing (dyspnea), sudden death - Systemic hemorrhages of nose, lungs, heart, Kidney, spleen etc. - Liver necrosis and failure
59
true or false: treatment exists for RHD?
no treatment --> only can depopulate - reportable disease
60
what is tularemia?
A highly infectious bacterial disease that can infect animals and humans (zoonotic disease).
61
What organism causes Tularemia?
Francisella tularensis (gram negative intracellular pathogen)
62
Why is Francisella tularensis difficult for the immune system to eliminate?
It lives inside macrophages and escapes immune destruction
63
Which organs are commonly targeted in Tularemia infections?
liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, lymph nodes
64
How long can Francisella tularensis survive in the environment?
3-4 months - mud, water, dead animals - lives in frozen meat for several years - killed by heat and disinfectants
65
What are the two major types (biovars) of Francisella tularensis?
- Type A - biovar tularensis - Type B - biovar palearctica
66
Which type of Francisella tularensis is the most virulent?
Type A (found in NA) - carried by Rabbits, hares, ticks
67
Where is Type B tularemia found?
NA, Europe, asia - muskrats, rats, mice, voles
68
Which livestock and companion animals can also be infected with tularemia?
sheep, companion animals
69
what are the doses for exposure to tularemia?
- inhalation or injection (10-50 bacteria) - Oral ingestion (10 million bacteria)
70
what are the main transmission source of tularemia
rabbits, ticks
71
what is the incubation period of tularemia in animals?
1-10 days
72
What clinical signs are seen in rabbits infected with Francisella tularensis?
depression, loss of appetite, lethargy - in dogs & cats: weight loss, vomiting
73
What is the fatality rate of untreated tularemia in humans?
30-35%
74
How many clinical forms of tularemia occur in humans?
six forms, depending on the site of infection (inoculation)
75
what are the 6 forms of tularemia?
UGOOTP - Ulceroglandular - Glandular - Oculoglandular - Oropharyngeal - Typhoid - Pneumonic
76
What part of the body is affected in oropharyngeal tularemia?
throat
Ansc 120
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