Raine

Question 1

sample

Answer 1

oppotunistic
41 people al of whom had been charged with either murder or manslaughter
39 men and 2 women with mean age of 34.3
All were pleading not guilty by reason of insanity
all had various conditions including head injury or bain damage

Question 2

aim

Answer 2

to establish whether there are brain abnormalities in murderers

Question 3

what was raines experimental group compared against

Answer 3

someone who was the same age and gender as the but who was not being accused of anything
six murderera with schiz were further matched with six shciz controls

Question 4

raines study comprimised a quasi experiment with what

Answer 4

a matched pairs design

Question 5

name the 3 stages to the procedure

Answer 5

1. each ppt was injected with a glucose tracer
2. each ppt was then monitored for a 32 minute period while they completed a continuous preformance task which involced them indicating each time the number ‘zero’ appreared on the screen
3. after 32mins, each ppt was given PET scan

Question 6

what happened to the numbers on the screen

Answer 6

visually degraded over time to require more effort of each ppts pre frontal cortex

Question 7

what did the results suggest

Answer 7

murderes pleading NGRI have significanlty different patterns of brain metabolism in a number of different areas

Question 8

3 brain results?

Answer 8

1. reduced activity in the pre frontal cortex meaning it results in impulsivity, loss of self control, immaturity, altered emotionality and inability to modify behaviour
2. less activity in the left side and more acitivity in the right side of the amyglada
3. less activity in the corpus callosum, suggesting inability to grasp the long term implications of a situation, a this had been seen in split brain patients

Question 9

what is the amyglada involved in

Answer 9

our emotional responses which suggest the NGRI’s may expierenced a lack of fear

Question 10

what were the limitations to raines results

Answer 10

they cant be taken to indicate that violence is determined by biology alone, they dont show that the NGRI’s arent responsible for their actions and they cant be generalised to other non violent offenders