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Random Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the tenodesis grasp?

A

A tenodesis grasp is a passive and functional gripping mechanism that occurs naturally when the wrist moves. It is a key compensatory strategy in occupational therapy, especially for individuals with a spinal cord injury who have limited or no active finger function.

Wrist extends, fingers flex

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2
Q

Forward chaining

A

The patient starts the task, and the clinician finishes the task.
Forward = patient first

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3
Q

Backward chaining

A

The clinician starts the task, and the patient finishes the task.
Backward = patient last

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4
Q

Ramp slope

A

Proper ramp slope is 1/12.
1 in. up, 1 ft. out

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5
Q

What is a flaccid muscle?

A

A muscle that is weak, soft, limp, and lacks firmness.

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6
Q

How do you treat a flaccid muscle?

A

Positioning- provide constant support
PROM- maintain joint integrity
Weight-bearing- muscle activation
Sensory stimulation- promotes muscle contraction

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7
Q

SCI: C1-3

A

Muscles Affected: The Diaphragm, neck, and intercostal muscles are affected.

Functional Impact: Loss of all movement below the neck. The individual requires a ventilator for breathing and is fully dependent on others for all self-care activities. They can use a mouth stick or sip-and-puff controls to operate a powered wheelchair.

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8
Q

SCI: C4

A

Muscles Affected: Partial preservation of the diaphragm and trapezius muscles.

Functional Impact: Can breathe independently but may need assistance with coughing. Can shrug shoulders and may have some head and neck control. Still fully dependent for most ADLs, but may be able to operate a powered wheelchair with minimal modifications.

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9
Q

SCI: C5

A

Muscles Affected: Deltoids and biceps are preserved, allowing for shoulder abduction and elbow flexion.

Functional Impact: Can move arms and bend elbows. Can feed themselves with adaptive equipment and can often perform some grooming tasks. They are typically independent with powered wheelchair use.

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10
Q

SCI: C6

A

Muscles Affected: Wrist extensors (extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis) are preserved.

Functional Impact: The most significant milestone at this level is the ability to use a tenodesis grasp (passive finger flexion with wrist extension). This allows for a functional grip to pick up and manipulate objects. Can be independent with self-care using adaptive equipment and can often transfer with a sliding board.

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11
Q

SCI: C7

A

Muscles Affected: Triceps are preserved, allowing for elbow extension.

Functional Impact: Can straighten their arms, which greatly improves their ability to push up for transfers and pressure relief. They can often be independent with most ADLs, transfers, and can use a manual wheelchair for most activities.

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12
Q

SCI: C8

A

Muscles Affected: Intrinsic hand muscles for finger flexion and extension are partially preserved.

Functional Impact: Has a stronger grip and better fine motor control in the hands. This level allows for a high degree of independence with self-care and daily tasks.

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13
Q

SCI: T1

A

Muscles Affected: Full preservation of arm and hand function.

Functional Impact: The person is functionally independent with self-care and transfers. They use a manual wheelchair for all mobility.

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14
Q

SCI: T1-6

A

Muscles Affected: Varying degrees of preserved intercostal muscles, which improve breathing and coughing ability. Upper trunk muscles are preserved.

Functional Impact: Excellent trunk control for seated activities. The primary mode of mobility is a manual wheelchair.

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15
Q

SCI: T7-12

A

Muscles Affected: Full preservation of the abdominal and lower back muscles.

Functional Impact: Has strong trunk stability, which is a major benefit for seated balance. They are fully independent in a manual wheelchair. Some individuals may be able to stand with extensive bracing, but this is not the primary mode of mobility.

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16
Q

SCI: L1-3

A

Muscles Affected: Preserved hip flexors and adductors.

Functional Impact: Can walk with braces and crutches, though a wheelchair may be used for long distances. Bladder and bowel control may still be affected.

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17
Q

SCI: L4-5

A

Muscles Affected: Preserved quadriceps (knee extensors). L4 also affects ankle dorsiflexion.

Functional Impact: Can walk with a lesser degree of bracing or crutches. The person is fully independent and can perform all ADLs.

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18
Q

SCI: S1-2

A

Muscles Affected: Preserved hip abductors and foot plantar flexors.

Functional Impact: Can walk independently, with some weakness in the ankles or feet.

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19
Q

SCI: S3-5

A

Muscles Affected: Preserved innervation to the bladder and bowels.

Functional Impact: The person typically has a near-normal level of motor function in the lower extremities. The primary issues are typically bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction, which can be managed with specific therapies.

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20
Q

Ideomotor Apraxia

A

A person cannot perform an action on command, but can do it spontaneously

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21
Q

Ideational Apraxia

A

A person cannot conceptualize and carry out a command. My use of incorrect objects

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22
Q

Boutonniere deformity

A

Flexion of the PIP joint and hyperextension of the DIP joint

Primary cause is a rupture of the central slip of the extensor tendon

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23
Q

Swan neck deformity

A

Hyperextension of the PIP joint and flexion of the DIP joint

A cause is a rupture of the lateral slip of the extensor tendon

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24
Q

Anosognosia

A

Unaware of their own illness or deficits

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25
Conflabulation
The patient makes up stories to fill in memory gaps
26
Zig-Zag deformity
Hyperextension of the thumb MCP joint and flexion of the thumb IP joint
27
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
A progressive genetic disorder causing muscle degeneration. Interventions focus on maintaining function, energy conservation, and adapting the environment.
28
Guillian-Barré Syndrome
An autoimmune disorder causing ascending paralysis. OT intervention in the acute phase focuses on positioning, passive range of motion, and preventing secondary complications.
29
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in OT
An approach that helps clients identify and change maladaptive thoughts and behaviors that interfere with occupation. Behavioral activation is a key strategy.
30
Rehabilitative Frame of Reference
Focuses on helping a client return to their highest level of function through compensation and adaptation. Often involves adaptive equipment and modifying the environment.
31
Top-down approach
Most common approach Starts with the client's occupational performance and personal goals. Focuses on enabling the client to engage in meaningful activities and only addresses underlying deficits as they relate to functional performance.
32
Bottom-up approach
Focuses on foundational skills and underlying deficits with the belief that this will improve overall occupational performance.
33
Rooting reflex
When an infant's cheek or the corner of their mouth is touched, they turn their head in that direction. Should be integrated by 4-6 months
34
Sucking reflex
Infant sucks on anything placed in their mouth Should be integrated by 5-6 months
35
Moro reflex
An involuntary reaction in newborns where they fling out their arms and legs, extend their necks, cry, and then pull their arms and legs back in, typically in response to a sudden noise or movement. Should integrate by 5-7 months
36
ATNR (Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex)
When the infant's head turns to one side, the arm and leg on that side extend, while the arm and leg on the opposite side flex Should integrate by 6-7 months
37
STNR (Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex)
When the baby's head lifts, their arms straighten and legs bend; when their head lowers, their arms bend and legs straighten. Should integrate by 12 months
38
Landau reflex
When an infant is held horizontally prone, they extend their head, back, and legs, resembling a Superman pose. Appears around 3-4 months and should integrate by 12-24 months
39
Parachute reflex
a lifelong, involuntary protective response that appears around 5-9 months of age, where a baby instinctively extends their arms to break a fall, much like a parachutist
40
Bobinski reflex
The big toe fans out and the other toes spread apart when the sole of the foot is firmly stroked. Should integrate by 24 months
41
Homonymous Hemianopsia
An irreversible form of blindness that affects the same side of the visual field in both eyes, caused by a brain lesion rather than an eye issue
42
Finkelstein's Test
A physical examination maneuver used to diagnose De Quervain's tenosynovitis. 1. The patient flexes their thumb into their palm. 2. The examiner grasps the patient's thumb and wrist and ulnarly deviates (bends) the wrist towards the little finger side.
43
Phalens Test
A physical examination used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome. 1. The patient flexes both wrists fully, pressing the backs of their hands together. 2. They hold this position for 30-60 seconds.
44
Tinels sign
A diagnostic test for nerve damage or compression, where a healthcare provider taps over a nerve to elicit a tingling or "pins and needles" sensation, known as paresthesia, in the nerve's distribution
45
Froment's sign
A clinical test for ulnar nerve palsy, which is caused by weakness in the adductor pollicis muscle. Have the pt pinch a piece of paper and try to pull it out. If the pt's thumb flexes at the IP joint, it is positive for ulnar nerve palsy
46
AOTA Core Values
1. Altruism- concern for others 2. Equality 3. Freedom 4. Justice 5. Dignity 6. Truth 7. Prudence
47
AOTA Principles
1. Beneficence 2. Nonmaleficence 3. Autonomy 4. Justice 5. Veracity 6. Fidelity
48
Thromboangitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease)
Inflammation and narrowing of blood vessels, especially in the hands and feet Leads to blood clots, ulcers, and tissue death
49
Prospective memory loss
Inability to remember to perform planned actions
50
Avascular necrosis
Bone tissue dies due to lack of blood supply
51
Neuroma
A growth or tumor of nerve tissue. Pain Sensitivity Numbness Swelling Clicking or popping
52
Which Frame of Reference relies on preparation and facilitation prior to movement and task performance?
Neurodevelopmental Frame of Reference
53
Vigorimeter
Measures grip strength using a rubber balloon
54
What does providing stimulation to the inferior faucial arches using a chilled dental mirror do?
Elicits a swallow response
55
Colles fracture
Fracture of the distal Radius
56
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation uses what techniques?
Diagonal movement patterns and resistance
57
ABC model
Used for kids with disruptive behaviors. A= Antecedent B= Behavior C= Consequence
58
Which theory is based on active, repetitive practice of a functional task?
Contemporary Motor Learning Theory
59
SaeboStretch dynamic resting hand orthosis
Allows fingers to flex when the tone increases and gently returns them to an extended position when the tone relaxes
60
Serial orthosis
A series of othosis that gradually increase ROM
61
Spasticity-reduction orthosis
Provide support and alignment to the affected area to reduce muscle contractions.
62
Side effects of Electroconvulsive therapy
Short-term memory loss Headache Confusion Aches Nausea
63
Electroconvulsive therapy
Used to treat severe depression Sends brief electrical pulses to the brain
64
Minimum door swing for accessibility: Walker Wheelchair
Walker: 18 inches WC: 26 inches
65
Max height of countertops for a WC
31 inches
66
Upper cabinets for a WC
48 inches max
67
Lower cabinets for a WC
15 inches min
68
Minimum door width for WC
32 inches
69
Resting hand orthosis
Wrist: 0-20 extension MCPs: 20-30 flexion IPs: 10-30 flexion Thumb: slight extension and abduction
70
Safe position orthosis
Wrist: 15-30 extension MCPs: 50-70 flexion IPs: full extension Thumb: palmar abduction
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