Random

Question 1

Calcium oxalate stones

Answer 1

Envelope or dumbbell

Seen in hyperparathyroidisk

Question 2

Ammonium magnesium stones

Answer 2

Rectangular, coffin lid

Seen in urease positive UTI

Question 3

Cysteine stones

Answer 3

Hexagon stones

Seen in heriditary COLA
Cysteine, ornithine, lysine, arginine) - PCT

Question 4

Uric acid stones

Answer 4

Rhomboid/rosette stones

Question 5

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy pathophysiology

Answer 5

Loss of function ABCDE1 which imports VLCFA into peroxisomes for beta oxidation

Question 6

Kawasaki disease symptoms
CRASH and burn

Answer 6

Conjunctivitis
Rash
Adenopsthy
Strawberry tongue
Hands and feet

Fever for 5 days

Give IVIG and aspirin

Question 7

Productive cough for more than 3 months to 2 years

Answer 7

Bronchitis - submucosal gland hypertrophy

Question 8

Cardiac complications in Marfan

Answer 8

Aortic root dilation — Aortic regurgitation
Aortic dissection
MVP

Question 9

SGLT -2 inhibitors

Answer 9

-Flozin
Canagliflozin
Dapagliflozin

Question 10

GLP -1 Agonists

Answer 10

Exanatide, Liraglutide

Question 11

DDP-4 inhibitors

Answer 11

Gliptins

• GLP stays in, Gliptins *

Question 12

Sulfonylreas

Answer 12

Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride

Question 13

Side effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors

Answer 13

UTI, orthostatic hypotension

Question 14

Side effects of sulfonylreas

Answer 14

weight gain
hypoglycemia

Question 15

Side effects of GLP -1 agonist

Answer 15

Weight loss
N, V, pancreatitis

Question 16

Side effects of DDP -4 inhibits

Answer 16

UTI
Weight neutral

Question 17

Linear ulcers esophagitis in immunocompromised patients, cause?

Answer 17

CMV

Question 18

How does hepatitis B damage hepatocytes?

Answer 18

The viral antigens inside the hepatocytes activates CD8 T cells

Question 19

Fleshy non-tender mass

Histology shows proliferative endarteritis of small vessels with perivascular plasma cell-rich inflammatory infiltrates.

Answer 19

Secondary syphilis, condyloma lata

Question 20

HLA B5701 needs to be checked before starting which HIV medication

Answer 20

Abacavir - can cause high hypersensitivity

Question 21

Depletion of Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) can lead to seizures due to decreased activity of which enzyme?

Answer 21

Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP) and glutamate decarboxylase

Glutamate –> GABA
Vitamin B6 is a cofactor

Question 22

What is the time frame of brief psychotic disorder?

More than 1 positive schizophrenic symptoms from when?

Answer 22

1 day to 1 month

Question 23

How long is normal grief?

Answer 23

6 months

Question 24

URI infection in young child that progresses to lower respiratory infection
Small airway dysfunction

Paribronchial thickening, lung hyperinflammation

Diagnosis?

Answer 24

RSV infection

Question 25

Bacterial URTI 1. mild URI, no fever 2. Intense paroxysmal coughing with emesis for up to 8 weeks 3. Improvement High procalcitonin

Answer 25

Bordetella Pertussis

Question 26

RIPE drugs

Answer 26

Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Question 27

Side effects to RIPE drugs

Question 28

Medication used for MRSA or VRE that causes muscle pain and weakness as well as elevated serum aldolase and creatine kinase (myopathy, rhabdomyolysis)

Answer 28

Daptomycin Binds to cell membranes, incorporates potassium channels causing depolarization Intracellular inhibition of DNA, RNA, proteins --> cell death

Question 29

5 year old boy Symmetric hypertrophy of calf muscles, difficult standing, using arms to lift self (Gower sign) Diagnosis?

Answer 29

Duchenne Muscular dystrophy - X linked recessive Dystrophin stabilizes the sarcolemma of muscle fibers which anchor them to the ECM. Without the anchor = necrosis of muscle tissue

Question 30

Cause of death in duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 30

Dilated cardiomyopathy due to loss of cardiac cells = thinning of left ventricular wall + fibrous scarring

Question 31

MOA of methotrexate (second line of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis)

Answer 31

Folic acid analog that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Question 32

MOA of Leflunomide

Answer 32

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which makes orotic acid from carbamoyl phosphate Prescribed after failing methotrexate

Question 33

Neisseria menigitidis is a gram negative bacteria that has what virulence factors?

Answer 33

Antigenic variation of pilus IgA protease