Reactions!!!!

Question 1

Alkane -> Molohaloalkane

Answer 1

free radical substitution

• UV light
• X2

Question 2

Alkene -> Molohaloalkane

Answer 2

Electrophilic addition

• HX (delta +/-)
• RTP
• two possible products
• heterolytic fission breaks H-X bond

Question 3

Alcohol -> Molohaloalkane

Answer 3

NaX and H2SO4 form HX in situ
- heat under reflux
alcohol + HX -> haloalkane + H2O

Question 4

Molohaloalkane -> Alcohol

Answer 4

Nucleophilic substitution
- heat under reflux
- NaOH (provides OH nucleophile)
- C-X bond breaks by heterolytic fission
haloalkane + OH-  -> alcohol + X-

rate of hydrolysis can be measured

Question 5

Alcohol -> Alkene

Answer 5

• heat under reflux
• conc acid catalyst (H2SO4/H3PO4)

removal of water

Question 6

Alkene -> Alcohol

Answer 6

Electrophilic addition

• H2O (g)
• H3PO4 catalyst

two possible productsq

Question 7

Alkene -> Alkane

Answer 7

Electrophilic addition
hydrogenation
- H2
- Ni catalyst
- high temp

Question 8

Alkene -> Dihaloalkane

Answer 8

Electrophilic addition 
halogenation
- X2
- RTP
- used as a test for C=C bonds w/ bromine water

Question 9

Alkene -> Addition polymer

Answer 9

addition polymerisation

- high temp & pressure (polyethene) or catalyst

Question 10

Primary Alcohol -> Aldehyde

Answer 10

• acidified potassium dichromate [O]

- distill

Question 11

Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid

Answer 11

• acificied potassium dichromate in excess 2[O]

Question 12

Secondary Alcohol -> Ketone

Answer 12

acificied potassium dichromate

Question 13

Alcohol -> Ester

Answer 13

• heat under reflux
• conc H2SO4
• CH3COOH