Plessy vs Ferguson
a court case where Homer Plessy refused to switch to the black cart on a train and the Supreme court ruled that segregation was legal, so long as facilities for black and whites were equal.
what year was Plessy vs Ferguson
1896
What does Seperate but equal mean.
Segregation was legal as long as bothe the black and white facilities were equal.
General Sherman
Union general who conducted “total war” in the South during the civil war - destroyed much along his march to the sea.
Why was total war bad
It made reconstruction harder. (more stuff to rebuild, more expensive, angrier southerners)
Freedmens bureau
A government agency that helped former slaves with things such as employment and education.
John Wilkes Booth
Famous actor, Southern sympathizer (from maryland), Assassin of Abraham Lincoln
13th amendment
Amendment that formally banned slavery throughout the United States
When did the 13th amendment pass
december, 1865
14th amendemnt
Defined “citizens” as “all persons born or naturalized in the United States”
15th amendment
Forbids any state to deny citizens the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Black codes
Southern legislatures passed laws that severely limited the rights of freedom African American
example of black code
sundown town, stopped African Americans from being allowed outside after sundown
Literacy test
used for disenfranchisement (taking away rights(to vote)) Required voters to read and explain a section of the Constitution, among other difficult requirements
Poll tax
Required voters to pay a fee each time they vote
Sharecropeer
Freedmen and poor whites rented and farmed a plot of land in exchange for a share of the crop at harvest time. (cycle of poverty)
Scalawag
Used by white southerners to refer to any Southerner who helped the Republicans and their reforms
what did scalawag actually mean
small scruffy horse
Carpetbagger
Used by white southerners to describe a northerner who came to the south in order to get rich from the “souths misery”
Grandfather Clause
A law stating “if a voter’s father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on January 1, 1867 the voters did not have to take a literacy test
Segregation
Separation of races, basically becoming a law in the South after 1877.
Amnesty
Offered a “government pardon” to Confederates who swore loyalty to the Union
Lincoln’s 10% plan
A southern state may form a new government if 10% of its voters swore and oath of loyalty to the United States.States of America
What was a rule of Lincolns 10% plan
The new government must abolish slavery
