What is the initial feelings of attraction based on?
Physical attractiveness, similarity and interaction
What research design is much of close relationships based on and what do they focus on?
-Use non-experimental designs
- focus on romantic relationships between heterosexual couples/usually young/ in individualistic cultures
Who demonstrated that the average face seems to be most attractive?
- Halberstadt et al, 2005
What did Halberstadt et al, 2005 demonstrate?
- average faces seem to be most attractive
What is the biological bases of physical attractiveness?
- Symmetry
What are men looking for in a women?
- youth and fertility
What is linked to higher oestrogen levels?
- facial femininity (Gangestad and Scheyd, 2005)
Who demonstrated that men desire features of women associated with reproductive value/fertility?
Kendrick et al 1996
What do women look for in men?
- physical strength
- financial resources
Who demonstrated women preferred men to be 3-4 years older?
-Buss 1993
What do women not want in men?
- unhealthy mass as less likely to provide food, health care etc
How do women in developing countries differ when choosing a male?
- rate potential health as more important
Why is testosterone seen as a negative?
-suppresses immune system (not seen as positive to have high levels)
- only well adapted males can tolerate levels
What is the matching phenomenon?
- people tend to be attracted to others who are about the same level of physical attractiveness as themselves
-people can compensate or make up for looks by having other attractive factors, e.g. humour
Who is the theorist who demonstrated people exchange what they want, in the matching phenomenon?
- Buss & Schmitt, 1993
What did Thissen et al 1983 demonstrate?
- women more likely than men to offer attractiveness, seek financial security and seek someone who was older
- men more likely than women to seek attractiveness, offer financial support and seek someone who was younger
What does similarity do in terms of relationship development?
- increases attraction and liking because we see anything connected to the self as positive
- encourages positive interaction over common interests
- signals familarity
- signals mastery
Who determined similiarity to others increases attractiveness?
Swami & Furnham, 2008
What did Swami & Furnham, 2008 say?
determined similiarity to others increases attractiveness
Who demonstrated that people prefer faces that look like their own?
Little & Perret, 2002
What did Little & Perret, 2002 say?
demonstrated that people prefer faces that look like their own
What does familarity lead to?
leads to liking - mere exposure effect
What does interaction do in terms of relationship development
- increases liking
-help us feel connected
-when people interact, they often mimic speech patterns, posture, mannerisms
Who demonstrated physical proximity increases liklihood of interaction?
Festinger, Schachter & Back 1950
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BASIC OVERVIEW25
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Constructing the self-concept: Learning who we are17
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Constructing self esteem: how we feel about ourselves20
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Forming first impressions27
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Perceiving individuals: systematic processing27
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Conducting social psychological research7
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Research design and ethics11
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Interviewing11
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Content analysis11
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Relationship development54
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Close relationships: health and infidelity40
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Percieving groups44
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Online dating7
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Maintaining relationships12
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Social influence23
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Vicious cycles in intergroup relations11
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Intergroup relations47
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Media and Conflict6
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Improving intergroup relations30
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Social Support21
