Remaining material for Unit 1 Test

Question 1

What are the two types of isotonic contractions?

Answer 1

Concentric and Eccentric contractions

Question 2

Which of the following structures is apart of a parallel elastic component of a muscle?

1. Titin
2. Tendon
3. Extracellular connective tissue
4. Bone

Answer 2

Extracellular connective tissue

Question 3

No ATP is extended in isometric contractions

1. True
2. False

Answer 3

Both isometric and isotonic contractions require ATP

Question 4

Titin stretches between myosin and the Z-line

1. True
2. False

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Isometric tension occurs at what velocity of contraction?

Answer 5

0

Question 6

Recruitment varies with muscle tension

1. True
2. False

Answer 6

False- recruitment varies with muscle length, not tension!

Question 7

Recruitment is least around the optimal length and greatest at shorter or longer lengths

1. True
2. False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Force-velocity curve is associated with what contractions?

1. Isometric
2. Isotonic

Answer 8

Isotonic

Question 9

The relationship between force/tension and velocity of movement during concentric contraction are _______ proportional

1. Directly
2. Indirectly

Answer 9

Indirectly

Question 10

Muscles produce the greatest force during which contraction?

1. Isometric
2. Concentric
3. Eccentric

Answer 10

Eccentric

Question 11

We move the same load faster not by increasing increasing recruitment but by increasing muscle tension:

1. True
2. False

Answer 11

False- we move the same load faster not by increasing muscle tension but by increasing recruitment

Question 12

Which type of muscle fiber is highly used in an aerobic setting?

1. Type 1
2. Type 1 B
3. Type 2 A
4. Type 3 B

Answer 12

Type 1

Question 13

Which type of muscle fiber is most quickly fatigued?

1. Type 1
2. Type 2 B
3. Type 2 A
4. Type 3 B

Answer 13

Type 2 B

Question 14

Which type of muscle fiber has low mitochondrial content?

1. Type 1
2. Type 1 B
3. Type 2 A
4. Type 3 B

Answer 14

Type 2 A

Question 15

Type 1 and type 2 A have many more capillaries than type 2 b

1. True
2. False

Answer 15

True because they are involved with aerobic functions

Question 16

ATPase alkaline preincubation is used for histochemical technique fiber type identification to inhibit which fiber?

1. Fast twitch
2. Slow twitch

Answer 16

Slow twitch

Question 17

Which of the following histochemical techniques are used to identify oxidative potential?

1. H&E
2. Dystrophia
3. Ab to to type 2A myosin heavy chain
4. SDH

Answer 17

SDH

Question 18

The cross sectional areas of slow and fast twitch fibers found in the human body are based on genetics

1. True
2. False

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Which of the following fibers are the last to be recruited?

1. Type 1
2. Type 2 A
3. Type 2B

Answer 19

Type 2B

Question 20

Larger cell bodies have a greater input resistance to synaptic input

1. True
2. False

Answer 20

False- smaller cell bodies have greater input resistance

Question 21

Which of the following is not apart of aerobic ATP provision?

1. Blood glucose/ muscle glycogen oxidation
2. Free fatty acid oxidation
3. Lactic Acid Oxidation
4. Amino Acid oxidation

Answer 21

Lactic Acid Oxidation

Question 22

Peripheral nerve regeneration is dependent on the integrity of the connective tissue covering

1. True
2. False

Answer 22

True

Question 23

There is no degeneration or denervation with:

1. Neurapraxia
2. Axonotmesis
3. Neurotmesis

Answer 23

Neurapraxia- only injury that does not include wallerian degeneration

Question 24

In which nerve injury is the connective tissue compromised?

1. Neurapraxia
2. Axonotmesis
3. Neurotmesis

Answer 24

Neurotmesis

Question 25

This occurs when muscle is replaced with fat and connective tissue 1. Necrosis 2. Pseudohypertrophy 3. Hypertrophy 4. Fibrosis

Answer 25

Pseudohypertrophy

Question 26

What is the name of the bridging protein that sends contractile forces from the intracellular matrix to the extracellular matrix?

Answer 26

Dystrophin

Question 27

Which protease breaks down muscle fibers when there is an influx of calcium ions in the cells due to dystrophin damage?

Answer 27

Calpain

Question 28

How does MECHANICAL muscle damage occur with a dystrophin defect? 1. Eccentric Contraction 2. Concentric Contraction 3. Isometric Contraction

Answer 28

Eccentric Contraction. Therefore, eccentric training is inappropriate.

Question 29

All of the following are ways in which dystrophin defects cause muscle injury except: 1. Mechanically 2. Ionically 3. Calcium influx 4. Ischemia

Answer 29

Ionically

Question 30

In the pathophysiology of DMD, what occurs right after the absence of dystrophin? 1. Mechanical injury to muscle fibers 2. Degeneration of fibers 3. Loss of regenerative capacity 4. Pseudohypertrophy

Answer 30

Mechanical injury to muscle fibers

Question 31

At what age do people with DMD lose ambulation? 1. 5 2. 10 3. 15 4. 17

Answer 31

10. They usually become dependent of wheelchairs

Question 32

What is typically the cause of death in individuals with DMD?

Answer 32

Pneumonia

Question 33

What is the onset age of individuals with Becker Muscular Dystrophy? 1. 5 2. 10 3. 12 4. 14

Answer 33

12

Question 34

Which of the following is a disorder of the neuromuscular junction? 1. Duschenne Muscular Dystrophy 2. Becker Muscular Dystrophy 3. Myasthenia Gravis 4. none of the above

Answer 34

Myasthenia Gravis - acetylcholine receptors are the target of an immune response

Question 35

Men are more susceptible to myasthenia gravis than females 1. True 2. False

Answer 35

False- females are more susceptible. The onset age is between 20 and 30

Question 36

Which of the following is not a risk factor for myasthenia gravis? 1. Pseudohypertrophy in calf 2. abnormality in thymus 3. diabetes 4. immune disorder (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus)

Answer 36

Pseudohypertrophy in calf

Question 37

All of the following are symptoms of myasthenia gravis except: 1. Weakness/fatigue 2. Diploplia 3. Ptosis 4. Diarrhea 5. Difficulty in chewing and swallowing 6. Diaphragm fatigue

Answer 37

Diarrhea

Question 38

Which of the following originates in the CNS 1. Muscle Spasticity 2. Muscle Spasm

Answer 38

Muscle Spasticity. Muscle spasm is associated with tissue injury (inflammatory & local)

Question 39

Which of the following drugs is an agonist of the Gaba-B receptors? 1. Dantrium 2. Tizanidine 3. Botox 4. Baclofen

Answer 39

Baclofen (although it is not specific, Gaba-A receptors cen also be agonized)

Question 40

How often does a baclofen pump need to be refilled and then replaced?

Answer 40

Refilled every 3 months, replaced every 3 to 7 years

Question 41

Overdose of baclofen can cause depression in all of the following except: 1. Respiratory 2. Digestive 3. Cardiac 4. Coma

Answer 41

Digestive

Question 42

Which of the following medicines used for muscle spasticity has affects on the musculoskeletal system and not the CNS? 1. Dantrium 2. Tizanidine 3. Botox 4. Baclofen

Answer 42

Dantrium

Question 43

Which of the following occurs with Dantrium? 1. K+ channels open because of Gaba-B receptor, causing hyperpolarization 2. Blocks Ca+ channels in SR, reducing muscle contractions 3. Function is not clear 4. Inhibits acteylcholine esterase

Answer 43

Blocks Ca+ channels in SR, reducing muscle contractions

Question 44

What organ can dantrium be toxic for? 1. Heart 2. Liver 3. Spleen 4. Lungs

Answer 44

Liver- hepathotoxicity (most common in women over 30)

Question 45

Which of the following drugs can also lower BP, reduce headaches and fibromyalgia? 1. Dantrium 2. Tizanidine 3. Botox 4. Baclofen

Answer 45

Tizanidine. Main function however is to agonize alpha 2 receptors, which inhibits spinal chord neurons in the reflex arcs of the spinal chord

Question 46

What happens with botox? 1. agonize alpha 2 receptors 2. Blocks Ca+ channels in SR, reducing muscle contractions 3. Prevent motor neurons from releasing acetylcholine by impacting protein that acts in fusion of vesicle with the membrane 4. No known affect

Answer 46

Prevent motor neurons from releasing acetylcholine by impacting protein that acts in fusion of vesicle with the membrane

Question 47

Which drug inhibits alpha motor neurons in the spinal chord? 1. Dantrium 2. Tizanidine 3. Polysnaptic Inhibitors 4. Baclofen

Answer 47

Polysynaptic Inhibitors

Question 48

Vertigo is associated with which drug? 1. Dantrium 2. Tizanidine 3. Polysnaptic Inhibitors 4. Baclofen

Answer 48

Polysynaptic inhibitor

Question 49

Which of the following is not a depolarizing neuromuscular junction blocker? 1. Pancuronium 2. Vecuronium 3. Pavulon 4. Succinylcholine

Answer 49

Succinylcholine

Question 50

Which is associated with flacid paralysis? 1. Pancuronium 2. Vecuronium 3. Pavulon 4. Succinylcholine

Answer 50

Succinylcholine

Question 51

Which common drug can cause issues with connective tissue, resulting in myopathies 1. Alcohol 2. Glucocorticoids 3. Statins 4. Colchicine 5. Zidovudine (AZT)

Answer 51

Glucocorticoids

Question 52

Rhabdomyoloysis is the break down of:

Answer 52

muscle fibers and cells