GI, liver, kidney > Renal random > Flashcards

Renal random Flashcards

(15 cards)

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1
Q

Why give IV calciu gluconate in hyperkalaemia

A

Stabilises cardiac membrane

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2
Q

AEIOU for dialysis

A

Acidotic pH <7.2
Electrolyers severe persistent hyperkalaemia
Intocication - lithium, aspirin, methanol, ethylene glycol
Overload - fluid
Uraemia >30 - pericarditis, encephalopathy

eGFR <10

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3
Q

Creatinine function

A

Energy store for fast twitch muscle fibres

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4
Q

What is creatinine clearance relative to

A

Muscle mass - consider limb amputations, age, wasting
Pregnancy - higher excretion rate, lower blood level

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5
Q

What can increase Urea

A

Dehydration
GI bleed
Increased protein breakdown (surgery, trauma, infection, malignancy)
High protein intake
Drugs

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6
Q

What can cause decreased urea

A

Malnutrition
Liver disease
Pregnancy

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7
Q

Main monitoring of sodium

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Renin release

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8
Q

Affect of angiotensin II

A

Direct vasoconstriction
Stimulate adrenal cortex-> aldosterone
Aldosterone increases Na and water reabsorption in kidney
Restores BP

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9
Q

What is main componenet of ECF vs ICF

A

ECF - Sodium
ICF - Potassium

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10
Q

What elecrolyte is affected by pH

A

Potasium

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11
Q

Indications for kidney biopsy

A
  • Unexplained renal impairment
  • Unexplained glomerular haematuria
  • Renal masses - urology
  • Renal transplant
    • Rejection
    • Dysfunction
  • Connective tissue diseases
  • Treatment monitoring/research
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12
Q

Risks in biopsy

A

Bleeding - haematuria, into catheter, blood transfusion, renal angio + local embolisation
Nephrectomy
Pain or other organ injury
Death

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13
Q

What have to do after kidney biopsy

A

Lie flat on back for minimum of 12 hours and closely onitor

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14
Q

What shifts potassium from Extracekkular to intercellular fluid

A

insulin/dextrose solution
Nev salbutamol

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15
Q

How is calcium resonium most effectively given

A

Enema is most efficient

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