1
Q
Function of the kidneys
A
- Filter blood => remove wastes (excretion)
- Regulate blood vol.
- Regulate BP
- Regulate body fluid composition
- Release of hormones (erythropoietin & calcitriol)
2
Q
Name protective coverings of kidney and state their function (3)
A
- Renal capsule: fibrous CT - surround each kidney
- Perirenal fat: protect kidney
- Renal fascia: support kidney (attach onto post. wall of abdominal)
3
Q
Name 2 types of nephron
A
- Juxtamedullary (80%): long LOP & Bowman’s C near base of medulla
- Cortical (20%): short LOP & bowman’s C in cortex
4
Q
Describe path of blood from renal artery to renal vein
A
Renal artery -> arcuate artery -> inter lobular -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus ->effernt arteriole -> peritubular capilarries -> vasa recta -> interlobular vein -> arcuate vein -> renal vein
5
Q
Identify components of nephron and state each function
A
- Bowman’s capsule: filtration
- PCT: Majority of reabsorbtion and secrete solutes
- LOP: set up salt gradient in medulla
- DCT: some reabsorbtion and secrete solutes
- CD: water reabsorption
6
Q
How is filtration membrane modified to assist blood filtration?
A
- filtrate due to size: small molecules move out of blood (glucose, small AA chains & FA)
- due to charge: podocytes (AA) are -vely charged so cations move out of blood
7
Q
Describe forces that allow formation of filtrate
A
- Glomerular capillary pressure: BP in glomerulus => fluid out of blood
- Capsular hydrostatic pressure: fluid move in blood bc ‘rebounds’ from surface of capsule
- Blood colloid osmotic pressure: osmotic gradient due to the proteins in plasma => fluid move in blood
GCP - (CHP + BCOP)
