Main function of the kidneys?
HOMEOSTASIS
- Blood pH control
- H2O (fluid) balance
- Electrolyte balance (sodium; potassium etc.)
- Blood pressure control (hormone production by kidney
- Metabolism (break-down) of toxic waste products & drugs
- Stimulates red blood cell (RBC) production (hormone production by kidney
- Required for absorption of calcium (from the GI tract)
The urinary tract encompasses the organs from where urin is _ to where its _.
Produced
Excreted
- The _ produce urine
- The _ drains urine.
- The _ stores urine
- The _ excretes urine.
- Kidneys
- Ureter
- Bladder
- Urethre
From the ureter to the upper urethre, the tubes are lined with _ epithelium.
Transitional- allows stretching of the epithelial cells eg when the bladder is full
What structures are found in:
- Upper urinary tract
- Lower urinary tract
- UUT- Kidney & ureter
- LUT- Bladder & urethra
Which parts of the urinary tract are found in the following areas?
- Abdomen
- Pelvis
- Perineum
- Kidneys, proximal part of ureter
- Distal part of ureter, bladder, proximal part of urethra
- Distal part of urethra
What is the anatomical relationship of the kidneys with the peritoneum?
Retroperitoneal
What are the various ways in which the kidneys are protected?
- Skeletal muscle- of the back, anterolateral abdo wall, posterior abdominal wall
- Ribs 11 & 12
- Vertebral column
- Renal fascia
- Paranephric fat, renal capsule
What are the 3 bilateral branches of the abdominal aorta?
- Adrenal arteries
- Renal arteries
- Gonadal arteries
The ureters receive blood from the renal arteries, gonadal arteries and the aorta.
A _ is the basic structural and functional component of the kidneys.
Nephron
The renal artery has _ branches
5- each of these supply the nephrons
Which veins drain blood from the kidneys and to where?
- Renal veins
- Gonadal veins
Blood from renal veins drains via the IVC into the right artrium
NOTE- Left gonodal goes into left renal vein then IVC
The kidneys consist of mainly an outer _ and an inner _.
Cotex
Medulla
The Bowmans capsule and glomerulus makes the _ . Whats its function?
Renal corpuscle- Ultrafiltration
How do the kidneys drain urine?
- Nephron collecting ducts
- Minor calyx
- Major calyx
What are the 3 anatomical sites of ureteric constriction?
- Pelviureteric junction
- Common ilac aretery
- Ureteric orrifice
Define renal colic.
A ureteric obstruction causes the body to increase peristalsis proximal to the obstruction, in order to flush it down.
Persitalsis occurs in waves, and the obstructive pain comes and goes hence known as renal colic.
Function of the bladder?
Storage bag for urine
