reproductive system

Question 1

what are gametes

Answer 1

the haploid sex cells that form a zygote.

female= ova
male= sperm

Question 2

what are gonads

Answer 2

the primary sex organs that produce gametes

female= ovaries
males= testes

Question 3

what are secondary sex organs and give examples

Answer 3

the organs that dont directly produce gametes but help the gametes from meeting/foetus forming

female= fallopian tubes, vagina, etc.
male= vas deferens, seminal vesicle, etc.

Question 4

describe the pathways of a sperm through the male reproductive system

Answer 4

seminiferous tubule- epididymus- vas deferens- past seminal vesicle - throiugh prostate - to urethra - past bulbourethral - urethra

Question 5

what is the penis

Answer 5

organ of erectile tissue of urine and transfer of sperm

Question 6

what is erectile tissue

Answer 6

3 cylindrical tissues
- connective tissue with a rich blood supply. the spongey spaces fill with blood during sexual arousal causing stiffening of penis = erect.

Question 7

what is foreskin

Answer 7

covers the end of penis

Question 8

what is the urethra in the male

Answer 8

carries urine and semen out of the penis

Question 9

what are the testes

Answer 9

produces hormones and
sperm- primary sex organs

Question 10

what is the scrotum and whats the main function

Answer 10

holds testes

the wall of the scrotum moves the testes to the right proximity of the body to maintain the right temperature to produce sperm

Question 11

what temperature does the production of sperm require

Answer 11

2 degrees below the normal body temp

Question 12

what does the Bulb-urethral
gland secrete

Answer 12

an lubricant

Question 13

what is the vas deferens

Answer 13

a tube that carries the sperm to the urethra

Question 14

what does the seminal vesicle secrete

Answer 14

60% of semen fluid, composed of sugary substance so the sperm have enough energy to swim to the egg

Question 15

what does the prostate glad secrete

Answer 15

alkaline fluid that balances the acidity of the vagina

Question 16

what is the epididymus

Answer 16

sperm mature and are stored here

Question 17

what is the seminiferous tubule

Answer 17

convoluted tubule that produce sperm

Question 18

what is the vulva

Answer 18

the exterior region of the vagina made up of the labia major, minora and clitorus

Question 19

what is the labia major

Answer 19

very outer fold of skin of the vagina, fatty connective tissue and secrete oils

Question 20

what is the labia minora

Answer 20

2 smaller, pink, folds of skin (no fat / hair). surround vagina / urethra openings

Question 21

what is the clitorus

Answer 21

contains erectile tissue+ blood supply equivalent to penis). surrounded by labia minora.

Question 22

what are the ovaries

Answer 22

primary female sex organs

of connective and scar tissue, as well as immature and maturing eggs/ foilicles

Question 23

what are the fimbrae

Answer 23

finger like projections that guide the eggs towards the fallopian tubes

Question 24

how do the fallopian tubes assist the movement of the ova to the uterus

Answer 24

contractions of smooth muscle

Question 25

what is the uterus

Answer 25

contains the embryo during pregnancy. it is a caity that sits between the bladder and rectum

Question 26

what is the vagina

Answer 26

the canal that receives the penis during intercourse

Question 27

what is the cervix

Answer 27

the neck of the uterus between uterus and vagina

Question 28

what is the endometrium

Answer 28

the smooth muscle that lines the uterus

Question 29

what is gametogenesis

Answer 29

the process in which gametes are produced sperm= spermatogenesis ova= oogenesis

Question 30

where does spermatogenesis occur

Answer 30

seminiferous tubules of each testicle

Question 31

what is spermatogonia

Answer 31

the "MOTHER CELLS' divide via mitosis to produce a continual supply of cells.- diploid the division begins at puberty

Question 32

what are primary spermocytes

Answer 32

the product of spermatogonia, also diploid. they divide via meiosis to form secondary spermocytes

Question 33

what are secondary spermocytes

Answer 33

are formed during the first meiotic phase. These are haploid cells continue to divide

Question 34

what are spermatids

Answer 34

are the daughter cells formed by the second meiotic division, haploid cells (n).

Question 35

what are spermatoza

Answer 35

spermatids undergo maturation in the epididymus- loose cytoplasm, gain tail

Question 36

what is the acrosome

Answer 36

is a vesicle of fluid and enzymes in the head of the sperm

Question 37

state components of a sperm

Answer 37

acrosome- enzymes nucleus- (n) genetic info centriole mitochondria- gives sperm energy, cellular respiration flagellum- tail, propels sperm

Question 38

how does FSH act on males

Answer 38

stimulates sperm reproduction it and maintains a healthy sperm count and function.

Question 39

how does LH work of males

Answer 39

stimulates testosterone production

Question 40

where is testosterone secreted from

Answer 40

interstitial cells in the seminiferous tubules

Question 41

what does testosterone do for the male gonands

Answer 41

It maintains both the testes and prostate glands. It assists the development and maturation of sperm cells, as well as secondary sexual characteristics (sex drive).

Question 42

where does oogenesis occur

Answer 42

ovaries

Question 43

what is the oogonia

Answer 43

the 'MOTHER CELLS divide by mitosis to produce primary oocytes occurs. This occurs before the female is born (in utero). These are diploid cells

Question 44

what are primary oocytes

Answer 44

a diploid cells produced by oogonia divides via meiosis but stops at prophase 1 during utero until menarche at menarche, it continues to produce 2 cells (unequal in size) in the first division

Question 45

what is menarche

Answer 45

puberty (around 12yrs)

Question 46

what is menopause

Answer 46

the end of having periods around 5 yrs

Question 47

what are secondary oocytes

Answer 47

the larger cell produced by the fist meiotic division. It is a haploid cell (n) containing almost all of the cytoplasm

Question 48

what are first polar bodies

Answer 48

the smaller cell produced, containing the other half of chromosomes (n) and very little cytoplasm. it MIGHT divide but all polar bodies end up disintegrating

Question 49

what is an ootid

Answer 49

immature ava lis the product of the second meotic division- it is released during ovulation: it maintains metaphase 2 until penetrated by sperm