RESEARCH TASK 2

Question 1

how are sperm and ova different from body cells?

Answer 1

GAMETES are haploid cells with a function of reproduction.
23 chromosomes

SOMATIC CELLS are diploid cells that carry out every function excluding reproduction
23 chromatid pairs (46 chromosomes)

Question 2

state 2 processes that occur in meiosis producing variation in daughter cells

Answer 2

crossing over
random assortment

Question 3

crossing over is

Answer 3

when homologous pairs become tangled and exchange genetic information from corresponding alleles

Question 4

what is random assortment

Answer 4

chromosomes line up and seperate in random orders. the way that one pair/chromosome separates does not affect another.

Question 4

when does crossing over occur

Answer 4

prophase 1

Question 5

when does random assortment occur?

Answer 5

metaphase 1 and 2

Question 6

what is non disjunction

Answer 6

chromosomes failing to seperate during division leading to extra/missing chromosomes in daughter cells.

this causes chromosomal abnormalities (down syndrome)

Question 7

when does non disjunction occur

Answer 7

anaphase 1 and 2

Question 8

what is a trisomy/partial trisomy

Answer 8

TRISOMY= extra chromosome
daughter call has 3 instead of 2
PARTIAL TRISOMY= part of an extra chromosome
daughter cell has 2 and a bit rather than 2

Question 9

what is a monosomy/partial monosomy

Answer 9

MONOSOMY= lacking a chromosome
daughter call has 1 instead of 2
PARTIAL MONOSOMY= part of a chromosome is missing
daughter cell has 1 and a bit rather than 2

Question 10

what is the cause of down syndrome?

Answer 10

trisomy 21
extra copy of 21st chromosome

Question 11

symptoms of person with down syndrome

Answer 11

PHYSICAL: flattered face, upward slanting eyes, small ears, low muscle tone
DEVELOPMENTAL: delayed development, intellectual disabilities, vision/hearing issues

Question 12

how can down syndrome impact someones life quality

Answer 12

• there is a range/spectrum
• many have autism
• social issues (being left out and not seen as a person through down syndrome)
• some live independently others need constant care

Question 13

risk factors increasing a womens risk of having a baby with down syndrome

Answer 13

• age (40-45+)
• having a child with down syndrome previously

Question 14

what tests can be done?

Answer 14

• animocentesis
• chorionic villi sampling

Question 15

why would a women choose to terminate a child with high risk

Answer 15

• prevention of suffering for both child and those who care for them

Question 16

why would a women argue not to terminate high risk pregnancies

Answer 16

• it shouldnt matter what disabilities they have, they have the right at a life just like anyone else

Question 17

Patau syndrome symptoms

Answer 17

clef palate, small head, heart/kidney defects, extra fingers/toes

Question 18

patau syndrome life expectancy

Answer 18

a few days/weeks

only 5-10% reach a year old

Question 19

turners syndrome symptoms

Answer 19

ovaran insufficency leading to infertility, short staure

Question 20

turners syndrome life expectancy

Answer 20

10-13 years shorter than the average/normal human

Question 21

cause of Patau

Answer 21

trisomy 13

Question 22

cause of Turners

Answer 22

45XO- monosomy of sex chromosomes