Research Ethics

Question 1

What is the definition of a Value?

Answer 1

Values are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions.

Question 2

What is the definition of a Virtue?

Answer 2

Virtues are qualities that are universally or generally considered to be good and desirable for a particular thing.

Question 3

What are Tilburg University’s four core values?

Answer 3

• Integrity
• Respect
• Expertise
• Involvement

Question 4

On which two aspects lies the emphasis in the Nuremberg code?

Answer 4

1. Voluntariness
2. Informed consent

Question 5

What does it mean to respect someone according to UvT’s code of conduct?

Answer 5

We must therefore recognize the value of others (both within and outside the university community), respect their freedom, and refrain from causing them unnecessary harm.

Question 6

What do voluntariness and informed consent entail?

Answer 6

• Participants must be mentally capable (no kids, no mental disabilities)
• True freedom of choice (no prisoners, no oppressed minorities)
• Participants must have sufficient knowledge of what they are participating in
• Participants must not be pressured

Question 7

When does publication bias occur?

Answer 7

Publication bias occurs when the publication of studies depends on the nature and direction of the results, so that published studies may be systematically different from those of unpublished studies.

Question 8

What are examples of questionable research practices?

Answer 8

• P-hacking: analysing data multiple ways until you get a significant result.
• Assessing multiple variables, but only reporting significant ones.
• Assessing different conditions, once again only reporting significant ones.
• Adding more data until the value is <0.05

Question 9

What does integrity mean?

Answer 9

You do nog allow yourself to be guided by self-interest and self-gain.