Research methods 3

Question 1

What is probability

Answer 1

the chance of something happening.
p=total number of outcomes in which it happens/total number of possible outcomes

Question 2

What does P≤0.05

Answer 2

means 95% chance that accurate or 5% chance that results are due to chance

Question 3

What is a type 1 error

Answer 3

-say smth is significant when it isn’t
-we accept experimental hypothesis when we shouldn’t
-the larger the probability, more likely it is we will make type 1 error(p=0.10)

Question 4

What is a type 2 error

Answer 4

-say smth is not significant when it is
-we reject experimental hypothesis when we should accept it
-the smaller the level of probability more likely we make type 2 error(p=0.01)

Question 5

consequences of a type 1 error

Answer 5

-researcher publishes false data-other researchers waste time and resources trying to replicate the findings.
-scientific journals waste resources publishing replications showing no difference

Question 6

consequences of type 2 error

Answer 6

-researcher may think his study wasn’t good enough to find effect so decides to improve by using larger sample
-researcher gives up research that may have provided important findings, others don’t hear about new ideas since journals aren’t published since journals aren’t published if findings not significant

Question 7

What are the 3 DS

Answer 7

D- levels of data
D- Design
D- tests of difference or correlation

Question 8

what are the 3 levels of data

Answer 8

nominal, ordinal, interval

Question 9

What are the types of design in DDD

Answer 9

-related(repeated measures or matched pairs)
-unrelated(independent measures or single participant)

Question 10

What is the criteria of parametric tests

Answer 10

-level of measurement is internal or better
-data from a population which has a normal distribution
-variance of 2 groups should not be significantly different

Question 11

What is simon cowells acronym

Answer 11

Simon Cowell Wants More Singers Receiving Unanimous Praise

Question 12

How do to calculate a sign test

Answer 12

1)add the +
2)add the -
3) s=smallest value
4) ignore the =, n= that number

Question 13

What do you need to know to interperate a statistical test

Answer 13

• number of participants
• one tailed or 2 tailed
  -probability

Question 14

What are the components of report writing

Answer 14

1)title
2)abstract
3)introduction
4)method
5)results
6)discussion
7)references/bibliography
8)appendices

Question 15

What is the purpose of a title

Answer 15

to tell reader what report is about

Question 16

What is the purpose of an abstract

Answer 16

to provide reader with brief summary of the study

Question 17

What is the purpose of the introduction

Answer 17

introduce background and rationale

Question 18

What is the purpose of the method and what does it include

Answer 18

to describe findings and their implications.
Included, design, participants, materials and prodecure

Question 19

What is the purpose of the results section and type of results

Answer 19

to summarise findings.
-DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: measure of central tendency(mean median mode) measure of dispersion(range standard deviation) graphical representation
-INFERENTIAL STATISTICS:what statistical test did you use and why?
calculate-sign
interpret

Question 20

What is the purpose of the discussion section

Answer 20

reviewing the findings, relate to background, limitations and modifications

Question 21

What is the purpose of the reference section and how do you reference?

Answer 21

to inform reader about sources used.
1)Surname 2)date published 3)book title 4) city 5)publisher

Question 22

What do you need to include in a consent form

Answer 22

-aim of study
-if different groups state so
-how long it lasts for
-can withdraw any time
-can withdraw data from study
-data will be confidential
-a debrief will be provided after
-if you consent sign below.
-participant sig, participant date, researcher sig, researcher date

Question 23

What do you need to include in a debreif

Answer 23

-state actual aims of study-“this is actually what we were expecting to find”
-say info that wasn’t mentioned
-do you still consent?
-right to withdraw
-your info will remain confidential
- do you have any questions?