Stats about the River Ganges
1 billion of raw sewage and 260 million litres of untreated industrial wastewater is pumped in every day
Stats about Egypt
86% of water is used for agriculture
2050- estimated 30% decline in food
already import 40% of food
Stats about China: Water management
20% of the worlds population but they only have access to 7% of water
By 2030, industrial demand may rise by 24%
water shortages have cost up to $40 billion in lost crops
use 20% of water for coal mines and power stations
Benefits of Lesotho Highland water project for Lesotho
Provides 75% of their GDP
Provides all hydroelectric needs
sanitation could improve
water will supply 90% of capital Maseru
Cons of Lesotho Highland water project for Lesotho
Construction of first 2 dams displaced 30,000 people
natural wetlands destroyed
corruption has prevented money being used for good
will displace 17 villages
Advantages of Lesotho Highland water project for South Africa
provides water for 10% of people who originally had none
restores water balance
acidity levels in Vaal reservoir have lessened
60% of Johannesburg’s water
Disadvantages of Lesotho Highland water project for South Africa
corruption
increased water tariffs make it inaccessible for the poor
costa around $4 billion
40% of water lost through leaks
stats about Lesotho Highland water project
Plan is for 200km of tunnels to transfer 2,000 million m^3 of water
currently 5 dams and 32 km of tunnel
Stats about Hitosa
140km pipe from Mount Bada, used by 65,000 people
What is a Taanta
underground storage for water
What is a Pat
irrigation channels for fields
What is a johad
earth dams that trap rainfall, this has raised the wate table by 6m in the Wakel Basin
Where is the Wakel River Basin Project
State of Rajasthan, India
What is the Wakel River Basin Project
Aims to improve the security and management of water to store rainfall due to rare rainfall and largely desert biome
Factors affecting water availability
Geology
Pollution of source
Poverty
Over-abstraction
Population
Climate
Limited infrastructure
What are the impacts of water insecurity
Water pollution
Food production
Industrial output
Conflict
What are the social issues of water pollution
open sewers can allow quick spread of diseases such as cholera
have to take time to collect water which could be used at school
what are the economic issues of water pollution
pressure on healthcare
less people able to work can create an economic decline
What are the environmental issues of water pollution
toxic chemicals can pesticides can leak into rivers
What are the social issues of food reduction
Can cause famines and families can lose income
Economic issues of food reduction
food prices increase which can make it harder for countries to import food and they may have less to export.
Famines cause reduction in workers
Environmental issues of water insecurity on food production
droughts can cause crop failure
Social issues of water insecurity and industry
Industry often has a high demand for water causing shortages for the people.
Less profit for industry in times of water shortage can result in unemployment
Economic issues of water insecurity and industry
Industry relies on water supply so it can reduce a countries income
