Resp System - Rest

Question 1

3 main processes of respiratory system

Answer 1

• pulmonary ventilation
• external respiration
• internal respiration

Question 2

what is pulmonary ventilation

Answer 2

breathing of air in & out of lungs

Question 3

what is external respiration

Answer 3

gaseous exchange of O2 & CO2 between lungs & blood

Question 4

what is internal respiration

Answer 4

gaseous exchange of O2 & CO2 between blood & muscle tissue

Question 5

pulmonary ventilation pathway (7)

Answer 5

• nose/oral cavity
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• left & right bronchi
• bronchioles
• alveoli

Question 6

where does gaseous exchange occur in lungs

Answer 6

alveoli sacs

Question 7

how does alveoli increase efficiency of gaseous exchange (3)

Answer 7

• vast surface area
• has single cell layer - reduces distance for gas exchange
• extensive network of alveoli capillaries - produce short diffusion path

Question 8

what is inflation of lungs (breathing in) called

Answer 8

inspiration

Question 9

what is deflation of lungs (breathing out) called

Answer 9

expiration

Question 10

mechanics of breathing at rest - inspiration (3)

Answer 10

• diaphragm contracts - moves down & flattens
• external intercostals contract - ribs move up & out
• thoracic cavity volume increases

Question 11

mechanics of breathing at rest - expiration (3)

Answer 11

• diaphragm relaxes - domes upwards
• external intercostals - ribs move down & inwards
• thoracic cavity volume decreases

Question 12

what is breathing rate

Answer 12

number of inspirations & expirations (breaths) per minute

Question 13

breathing rate at rest

Answer 13

12-15 breaths/min

Question 14

breathing rate during exercise (trained & untrained person)

Answer 14

• untrained = 40-50 breaths/in
• trained = 50-60 breaths/min

Question 15

what is tidal volume

Answer 15

volume of air inspired & expired per breath

Question 16

tidal volume at rest

Answer 16

500ml

Question 17

tidal volume during exercise (trained & untrained person)

Answer 17

• untrained = 2.5-3 litres
• trained = 3-3.5 litres

Question 18

what is minute ventilation

Answer 18

volume of air inspired & expired per minute

Question 19

minute ventilation at rest (trained & untrained person)

Answer 19

• untrained = 6-7.5 litres
• trained = 5.5-6 litres

Question 20

minute ventilation calculation

Answer 20

breathing rate x tidal volume