Respiration

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

The release of energy from food

Question 2

Function of respiration

Answer 2

To provide energy for the organism from food

Question 3

Organelle

Answer 3

Mithocondrion

Question 4

Balanced equation

Answer 4

C6H12O6 + 6O2 =6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 5

Aerobic respiration

Answer 5

is the release of energy from food in the cell using oxygen.

Question 6

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 6

is the release of energy from food without oxygen

Question 7

Stage 1 ( aerobic respiration)

Answer 7

Glycolysis
* Location: Cytosol.
* Products: ATP and 2 pyruvic acid (2 C3)
* It is anaerobic.
* Low energy release as most of energy stored in pyruvic acid.
* Pyruvic acid is also known as pyruvate.

Question 8

Stage 2 ( aerobic respiration)

Answer 8

Krebs cycle
1. Location: Mitochondria
2. N.B. Pyruvic acid reduces to Acetyl CoA (C2) and CO2 is given off prior to Krebs cycle.
3. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle.
4. Krebs cycle products: CO2, ATP, water and NADH are formed.
5. NADH formed goes toward electron transport system (chain).
6. CO2 and water diffuse out of the blood by exhalation.

Question 9

Electron transport system

Answer 9

1. NADH releases high energy electrons.
2. These electrons are passed from molecule to molecule along the system releasing energy to
   form ATP.
3. Final step: The now low energy electrons combine with oxygen and hydrogen to form water.

Question 10

Anaerobic respiration stages

Answer 10

• Glycolysis occurs forming pyruvic acid.
• Pyruvic acid under anaerobic conditions forms either lactic acid or ethanol.
• N.B. Anaerobic respiration releases a lot less energy than aerobic respiration due to the
  molecules not being broken down entirely.

Question 11

Bioprocessing

Answer 11

Micro-organisms or living things are used to manufacture products

Question 12

Biotechnology

Answer 12

The use of living things or their components (especially cells and enzymes) to manufacture
useful products or to carry out useful reactions

Question 13

Bioreactor

Answer 13

A vessel in which micro-organisms are used to make useful products