Respiratory 4

Question 1

What do all the steps in respiration result in?

Answer 1

The movement of gasses due to pressure changes and differences in concentration through the environment

Question 2

What is the first step in Respiration?

Answer 2

Ventilation

Question 3

What is Ventilation?

Answer 3

The exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli by bulk flow

Question 4

What is Bulk flow?

Answer 4

Changes in volume and pressure

Question 5

What is the second step in Respiration?

Answer 5

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveolar air and blood in lung capillaries by diffusion

Question 6

What is the third step in third step in respiration?

Answer 6

Transport of CO2 and O2 through the pulmonary and systemic circulation by bulk flow

Question 7

What drives oxygen from the blood into peripheral tissue?

Answer 7

The differential pressure between the blood and the peripheral tissue

Question 8

What is the fourth step in respiration?

Answer 8

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in tissue capillaries and cells in tissues by diffusion

Question 9

What is the last step of respiration?

Answer 9

Cellular utilization of O2 and production of CO2

Question 10

What steps are required for Respiratory Airflow to be produced?

Answer 10

1. CNS sends rhythmic excitatory (respiratory) drive to respiratory muscles
2. Respiratory muscle contract rhythmically and in a very organized pattern
3. Changes in volume and pressures at the level of the chest and lung occur
4. Air flows in and out

Question 11

What does the contraction of Respiratory muscles change?

Answer 11

• Thoracic volumes
• Thoracic pressure
• Intrapulmonary pressures

Question 12

What are the three categories of muscles involved in respiration?

Answer 12

• Pump muscles
• Airway muscles
• Accessory muscles

Question 13

Where do the pump muscles make changes in pressure and volume?

Answer 13

At the level of the lungs

Question 14

What is the important role of the Airway muscles?

Answer 14

They keep the upper airways open

Question 15

What do the airways muscles do in terms of inspiration and expiration?

Answer 15

They are mostly inspiratory but some are active in expiration

Question 16

When do the accessory muscles work?

Answer 16

When there is increased metabolic drive

Question 17

What are the inspiratory Pump muscles?

Answer 17

• Diaphragm
• External intercostals
• Parasternal intercostals

Question 18

What are the Expiratory Pump muscles?

Answer 18

• Internal intercostals

* Abdominals

Question 19

What are the inspiratory Accessory muscles?

Answer 19

• Sternocleidomastoid

* Scalenes