respiratory structures

Question 1

branchial

Answer 1

related to gills

Question 2

pulmonary

Answer 2

related to lungs

Question 3

gills can be..

Answer 3

internal or external

Question 4

external gills

Answer 4

ventillation not required, vulnerable to damage and require structural support

Question 5

internal gills

Answer 5

protected and have enhanced efficiency, ventillation required

Question 6

passive ventillation

Answer 6

energy not expended, external gills (can be damaged)

Question 7

active ventilation

Answer 7

reliable, controllable and more effective, energy, muclses/ cilia required

Question 8

lamellar gills- crustacea

Answer 8

flattened lamella plates

protected by the carapace within the branchial chamber

ventilation occurs via beating of the scaphognathite

Question 9

lamellar gills- fish

Answer 9

gill filamants supported by the gill arch

secondary lamellae arise from the filament

countercurrent blood flow

buccal-opercular pumping

Question 10

buccal opercular pumping

Answer 10

two chambers- buccal cavity and opercular cavity that are separated by the gills

water in through the mouth

water out through the operculum

unidirectional flow

RAM ventilation

Question 11

terrestrial respiratory organs

Answer 11

three main organs- lemellar gills, trachea, lungs

Question 12

tracheal system in insects

Answer 12

air delivered directly into tissues

spiracles!!!

could have large air sacs that can change the pressure gradient

Question 13

ventilation in amphibians

Answer 13

have gills as tadpoles and lungs as adults

lungs are ventilated by buccopharyngeal pumping

nostrils open, lowers floor of mouth, increases volume of mouth, glottis closed

nostrils closed, lifts floor of mouth, glottis opens, expands lungs