Retrieval Practice and Encoding

Question 1

factors that optimize memory

Answer 1

• trying to maximize memory over short delay can lead to poor long-term retention
• overestimation of learning
• optimal learning requires “desirable difficulties”

Question 2

factors that maximize long-term retention

Answer 2

• retrieval as a way to learning
  
  • tests are best way to retain information
• spaced practice

Question 3

The Generation Effect

Answer 3

• generative recall is a better way to learn something than just re-presenting the learning material

Question 4

Experiment testing the generation effect

Answer 4

Conditions: 
   -Read- synonym
   -read- rhyme
   -generate-synonym
   -generate rhyme 
Results:
   -synonym better than rhyme
   -generate better than read

Question 5

Power of Retrieval as encoding event

-Roedicer and Karpike

Answer 5

Conditions:
    -SSSS (4 x study)
    -SSST (3 x study, test) 
    - STTT(study, 3 x test) 
Tested (Judgment of learning, free recall)
   -5 minutes later
   -1 week later 
JOL:
   -believe they learn more from repeated exposure 
Free Recall:
   -at 5 minute: 
        -SSSS, SSST, STTT
    -at one week:
        -STTT, SSST, SSSS 
        - STTT condition retained almost everything they learned at one week later

Question 6

Takeaway from Power of retrieval

Answer 6

• testing promotes better learning

Question 7

Roediger and Karpicke (2008) studying and testing (what to study)

Answer 7

-participants learn Swahili words and english translation
-Conditions
-ST: study and test all items
-SnT:study non-recalled, test all
-STn: study all, test non-recall
-SnTn study and test non-recall
Results:
-studying information you already know without testing is ineffective (ST=STn)
-being tested once isn’t as evvective as repeated testing (SnT >SnTn)