Theriogenology > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of estradiol?

A
  • Triggers ovulation
  • Responsible for estrus behaviour
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2
Q

Which organ secretes estradiol?

A

Ovaries

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3
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A
  • Required for spermatogenesis
  • Responsible for male sexual behaviour
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4
Q

Which organ secretes testosterone?

A

Testes

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5
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A
  • Prepares uterus for pregnancy (favours implantation and maintenance)
  • Promotes mammary development
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6
Q

Which organ produces progesterone?

A

The corpus luteum of ovary

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7
Q

What is the function of inhibin?

A

Acts on the pituitary to inhibit the secretion of FSH (in order to stop more follicles from growing)

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8
Q

Which organ produces inhibin?

A

Female: Granulosa cells of growing follicles in the ovary (mostly dominant follicle)
Male: Sertoli cells in the testes

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9
Q

What is the function of prostaglandin?

A

It causes the corpus luteum to regress (luteolysis)

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10
Q

What organ produces prostaglandin?

A

The uterus

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11
Q

Which hormones does the hypothalamus secrete?

A

GnRH

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12
Q

Which hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete?

A

FSH and LH

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13
Q

Which hormones does the ovary secrete?

A
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
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14
Q

Which hormones does the uterus secrete?

A

Prostaglandin

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15
Q

What does LH do?

A

Stimulates the release of an egg and causes ovulation

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16
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Stimulates development of the follicle in the ovaries

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17
Q

What does GnRH do?

A

Stimulates the production and release of both FSH and LH

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18
Q

What does prolactin do (two)?

A
  • Stimulates milk production
  • Inhibits FSH and GnRH
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19
Q

High estrogen levels form a positive feedback loop and increases ____________ (two)?

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A

LH (large amounts) and FSH (small amounts)

20
Q

What hormone inhibits the surge release of GnRH?

21
Q

What induces an LH surge in the cow (two)?

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A

A preovulatory follicle and a regressed corpus luteum

22
Q

What does estrogen’s positive feedback effect do to the hypothalamus?

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A

It triggers the preovulatory LH surge (tells LH to increase its levels)

23
Q

What are the different types of estrus cycles?

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A
  1. Polyestrus: Uniform distribution of estrous cycles throughout year (cow, cat, pig, rodents)
  2. Seasonally polyestrus: Clusters of estrous cycles during certain period of year (sheep, horses)
  3. Monoestrus: One cycle per year (dog, wolf, fox, bear)
24
Q

In a cow, what stages of estrous make up the follicular phase?

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A

Proestrus and estrus

25
In a cow, what stages of estrous make up the luteal phase?
Metestrus and diestrus
26
Proestrus is the cow is characterized by what?
A rise in estradiol secreted by growing follicles and decrease in progesterone
27
Estrus in the cow is characterized by what?
Ovulation
28
Metestrus is the cow is characterized by what?
The development of corpus luteum, the drop of estradiol, and the rise of progesterone
29
Metestrus is the period between ___________ and ________________
Ovulation, corpus luteum formation
30
Diestrus is the cow is characterized by what?
A fully functional corpus luteum and high progesterone
31
What is anestrus?
A period where cyclicity stops
32
What hormone is secreted by follicles in the follicular phase?
Estradiol (E2)
33
What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase?
Progesterone (P4)
34
What causes the follicles to start to secrete estradiol?
LH and FSH released by the pituitary
35
The follicular phase begins after __________________ and the luteal phase begins after __________________
Luteolysis, ovulation
36
The corpus luteum is formed during which phase of the estrous cycle?
Metestrus
37
What is happening in the 4 stages of estrous in a cow?
Proestrus: Formation of ovulatory follicles and estradiol (E2) secretion rises Estrus: Female shows behavioral estrus and estradiol (E2) is at its peak Metestrus: E2 drops, follicles are transformed into corpus luteum (CL), and progesterone (P4) starts to be secreted Diestrus: There is a fully functional corpus luteum and peak progesterone (P4) secretion
38
How could we induce ovulation?
We would want to give something that would initiate premature luteolysis. We can do that by giving prostaglandin (F2)
39
What happens during recruitment phase of follicle growth?
High amounts of FSH and low amounts of LH are secreted by the anterior pituitary. This FSH allows a group of small follicles begin to grow and secrete estradiol. *Essentially you want a big group of them to pick from
40
What happens during the selection stage of follicle growth?
The growing follicles secrete estradiol and inhibin which inhibits FSH release. FSH levels are now low and they continue to grow. *Now you want to pick a dominant one
41
How many follicular waves will a cow have in an estrus cycle?
2-3
42
What happens during dominance stage of follicle growth?
A dominant follicle is chosen and the others die off. Inhibin and estradiol production are high which keeps FSH concentrations low. LH concentrations are very high right before ovulation.
43
The ______________ releases prostaglandin (PGF2) which causes luteolysis
Uterus *Essentially the uterus is really important and if we were to take out the uterus the CL would just stay there for a really long time
44
Describe the steps of luteolysis
The corpus luteum secrets oxytocin. Oxytocin receptors in the uterus receive the signal and start producing prostaglandin (PGF2) in pulses
45
What is the corpus luteum?
A hormone-secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun
Theriogenology
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